Table 4.
The changes of weight, BMI, Sirt1, inflammatory factors, and liver enzymes in overweight/obese NAFLD patients
| Variables | Intervention | Baseline Mean(SD) | 3 Months Mean(SD) | P-value$ | Mean Difference (95% CI) | P-value# | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | Treatment | Interaction | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | Cardamom (n = 43) | 85.2(11.3) | 84.2(11.3) | < 0.001 | −1.0 (−1.7, −0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.1 | 0.051 |
| Placebo (n = 44) | 88.6(13.2) | 88.2(13.9) | 0.2 | −0.4 (−1.27, 0.47) | 0.001 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | Cardamom (n = 43) | 30.5(2.4) | 30.1(2.4) | < 0.001 | −0.4 (−0.55, −0.24) | < 0.001 | 0.8 | 0.06 |
| Placebo (n = 44) | 30.7(3.2) | 30.6(3.4) | 0.1 | −0.1 (− 0.31, 0.11) | < 0.001 | 0.8 | 0.2 | |
| Sirt1 (ng/ml)** | Cardamom (n = 43) | 1.3(0.5) | 1.7(0.5) | < 0.001 | 0.4 (0.36, 0.43) | < 0.001 | 0.054 | < 0.001 |
| Placebo (n = 44) | 1.2(0.5) | 1.3(0.5) | 0.003 | 0.1 (0.06, 0.13) | < 0.001 | 0.04 | < 0.001 | |
| TNF-α (ng/l) | Cardamom (n = 43) | 16.7(4.6) | 8.7(4.3) | < 0.001 | −8.0 (−8.2, −7.7) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Placebo (n = 44) | 15.9(3.4) | 15.2(3.7) | 0.03 | −0.7 (−0.9, −0.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| IL-6 (ng/l) | Cardamom (n = 43) | 9.7(3.0) | 5.0(2.6) | < 0.001 | −4.7 (−4.8, −4.5) | < 0.001 | 0.008 | < 0.001 |
| Placebo (n = 44) | 9.3(2.6) | 8.4(2.5) | 0.001 | −0.9 (−1.0, − 0.7) | < 0.001 | 0.009 | < 0.001 | |
| hs-CRP (mg/l)^ | Cardamom (n = 43) | 5.5(3.0) | 3.7(2.0) | < 0.001 | −1.8 (− 1.9, − 1.6) | < 0.001 | 0.3 | < 0.001 |
| Placebo (n = 44) | 5.4(3.2) | 5.3(3.0) | 0.08 | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) | 0.01 | 0.4 | < 0.001 | |
| ALT (u/l)** | Cardamom (n = 43) | 44.5(16.4) | 31.8(12.0) | < 0.001 | −12.7 (−13.6, − 11.7) | < 0.001 | 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Placebo (n = 44) | 41.8(12.4) | 41.3(12.9) | 0.5 | −0.5 (−1.3, 0.3) | 0.006 | 0.1 | < 0.001 | |
| AST (u/l)^ | Cardamom (n = 43) | 26.0(9.3) | 25.0(8.8) | 0.08 | −1.0 (−1.6, −0.4) | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 |
| Placebo (n = 44) | 25.1(8.0) | 25.2(7.6) | 0.8 | 0.1 (−0.4, 0.6) | 0.01 | 0.7 | 0.3 | |
*Inversely transformed; **Transformed by square root; ^Logarithmically transformed; $Paired t-test; #Two way repeated measures-ANOVA (TWRM-ANOVA), top row: unadjusted; bottom row: adjusted for vitamins E and B6 intake; BMI body mass index, Sirt1 sirtuin-1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 interleukin-6, hs-CRP high sensitive c-reactive protein, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase