Table 2.
Univariate associations of acute care utilization
| Characteristics | Incident rate ratio (95% CI) | Mean number of acute care utilizations (SD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (F vs M) | 1.04 (0.77, 1.39) | F | M | ||
| 6.8 (10.5) | 6.6 (9.3) | ||||
| SCA (SCA vs SC variant) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.48) | SCA | SC variant | ||
| 6.9 (10.4) | 6.5 (9.5) | ||||
| Age | 0.98 (0.97, 0.997)** | NA | |||
| Graduated high school (Y vs N) | 0.81 (0.54, 1.21) | Y | N | ||
| 6.4 (10.1) | 7.9 (9.9) | ||||
| Employed (Y vs N) | 0.51 (0.38, 0.68)**** | Y | N | ||
| 4.2 (7.0) | 8.2 (11.2) | ||||
| Insured by Medicaid (Y vs N) | 1.30 (0.97, 1.76)* | Y | N | ||
| 7.3 (10.2) | 5.6 (9.4) | ||||
| Married or with significant other (Y vs N) | 0.90 (0.64, 1.27) | Y | N | ||
| 6.2 (9.6) | 6.9 (10.2) | ||||
| Residence, live alone (Y vs N) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.28) | Y | N | ||
| 6.4 (10.0) | 6.8 (10.1) | ||||
| Low annual income, <$20 000 (Y vs N) | 1.13 (0.84, 1.53) | Y | N | ||
| 7.2 (10.6) | 6.4 (9.8) | ||||
| Disability (Y vs N) | 1.79 (1.34, 2.40)**** | Y | N | ||
| 8.1 (11.0) | 4.5 (8.0) | ||||
| Have PCP (Y vs N) | 1.20 (0.88, 1.64) | Y | N | ||
| 7.1 (10.9) | 5.9 (8.0) | ||||
| Kidney disease (Y vs N) | 1.38 (0.92, 2.09) | Y | N | ||
| 8.9 (13.4) | 6.5 (9.5) | ||||
| Leg ulcer (Y vs N) | 1.39 (0.71, 2.72) | Y | N | ||
| 9.3 (18.7) | 6.6 (9.5) | ||||
| Stroke (Y vs N) | 1.56 (1.02, 2.38)** | Y | N | ||
| 9.8 (12.5) | 6.3 (9.6) | ||||
| Retinopathy (Y vs N) | 1.37 (0.95, 1.98)* | Y | N | ||
| 8.7 (12.2) | 6.4 (9.6) | ||||
| AVN (Y vs N) | 1.17 (0.86, 1.60) | Y | N | ||
| 7.5 (10.5) | 6.4 (9.9) | ||||
| Priapism, male only (Y vs N) | 1.0 (0.61, 1.63) | Y | N | ||
| 6.5 (8.5) | 6.6 (9.7) | ||||
| Chronic pain (Y vs N) | 2.08 (1.53, 2.83)**** | Y | N | ||
| 8.1 (11.1) | 3.9 (6.6) | ||||
| Opioid use (long acting vs short acting) | 3.19 (1.56, 7.73)*** | Short acting | Long acting | Both | None |
| (both vs short acting) | 2.15 (1.61, 2.88)**** | 4.6 (7.5) | 14.6 (17.4) | 9.8 (11.8) | 1.4 (4.1) |
| (none vs short acting) | 0.31 (0.14, 0.73)*** | ||||
| On chronic transfusions (Y vs N) | 1.68 (1.08, 2.61)** | Y | N | ||
| 10.4 (13.3) | 6.2 (9.4) | ||||
| On hydroxyurea (Y vs N) (SCA only) | 0.87 (0.62, 1.23) | Y | N | ||
| 6.6 (8.9) | 7.5 (12.7) | ||||
CI, confidence interval; F, female; M, male; NA, not applicable.
*
.05 < P < .1; **P < .05; ***P < .01; ****P < .001.