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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Aug 10;66(9):1830–1837. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15476

Table 2 –

Resident Characteristics and Outcomes by INTERACT Use Groups

Low Use
N = 34
Increased
Use

N = 65
High Use

N = 101
SNFs with
Missing
Data1
N = 64
P-value
(Differences
Among
Groups 1–3)
Baseline resident characteristics (Jan. 2012-Feb. 2013)
Unique resident-
facility pairs
10,187 17,841 26,884 17,846
Age (years) 81.6 (10.2) 80.9 (10.8) 79.6 (11.5) 81.6 (10.6) 0.007
Female (%) 68% 65% 63% 66% 0.004
White non-Hispanic
(%)
83% 82% 78% 89% 0.567
Black non-Hispanic
(%)
15% 16% 15% 7% 0.952
Hispanic (%) 1% 1% 3% 1% 0.003
Asian/other (%) 1% 1% 4% 2% 0.030
Hierarchical Care
Category Score2
1.33 (1.13) 1.46 (1.22) 1.48 (1.25) 1.43 (1.18) 0.029
Dual
Medicare/Medicaid
status (%)
22% 29% 36% 29% 0.003
Any Part A days
(%)
76% 70% 73% 72% 0.101
Total Part A days
(in period)
24.0 (26.3) 25.4 (30.5) 25.9 (29.3) 24.4 (27.6) 0.208
Late Loss Activity
of Daily Living
(ADL) Score
(range: 0 – 16)
7.4 (4.2) 7.9 (4.6) 7.6 (4.4) 8.2 (4.6) 0.267
Complete
dependence, any
late loss ADL (ever
in period) (%)
18% 23% 22% 21% 0.369
Terminal diagnosis
(ever in period) (%)
4% 4% 4% 6% 0.939
Severe cognitive
disability (%)3
9% 9% 11% 9% 0.430
Outcome Rates during Baseline (Jan. 2012-Feb. 2013)
All cause
hospitalizations
3.53 (1.59) 3.81 (1.49) 3.62 (1.47) 3.57 (1.36) 0.149
Potentially
avoidable
hospitalizations
1.09 (0.82) 1.17 (0.80) 1.14 (0.73) 1.10 (0.73) 0.606
ED visits without
admission
1.86 (1.21) 2.14 (1.17) 1.89 (1.19) 1.90 (1.03) 0.041
Readmission rate 0.20 (0.18) 0.21 (0.16) 0.21 (0.16) 0.21 (0.15) 0.394
Outcome Rates during Intervention (Mar. 2013-Feb. 2014)
All cause
hospitalizations
3.44 (1.53) 3.39 (1.36) 3.37 (1.41) 3.29 (1.28) 0.921
Potentially
avoidable
hospitalizations
1.02 (0.76) 0.95 (0.72) 1.00 (0.68) 0.94 (0.66) 0.558
ED visits without
admission
1.94 (1.17) 2.07 (1.09) 1.79 (1.09) 1.95 (1.10) 0.009
Readmission rate 0.19 (0.17) 0.20 (0.17) 0.20 (0.17) 0.20 (0.17) 0.672

Notes:

Definitions on INTERACT use groups are provided in Supplemental Appendix S1.

Resident characteristics are reported as percentages or means (unweighted) and standard deviations. N represents unique facilities. Data on outcomes (from facility-month level data) are reported as means (weighted by total resident days, except for readmission rate, the means of which are weighted by the number of index hospitalizations) and standard deviations. Outcomes are measured by per 1,000 resident days (except for readmission rate, which is a proportion of index hospitalizations that were associated with a hospital readmission within 30 days), adjusted for resident and facility characteristics. For example, rates of 3.0–4.0 for all cause admissions in a typical SNF with a resident census of 100 would mean 3–4 hospital admissions every 10 days. Standard errors are clustered at the SNF level.

1

64 facilities did not report data and use of Stop and Watch or SBAR at baseline or follow up.

2

Hierarchical Condition Category score ranges from 0.12 to 13.52; 1st percentile, median, and 99th percentile are 0.30, 0.95 and 5.80 respectively.

3

MDS-derived Cognitive Performance Scale Score = 5, 6.