Table 2.
Proportion (%) of infants by feeding type during the first 3 days of life in mothers with T1D and other mothers by country in TEDDY study (n = 8,676)
| The United States n = 3,723 | Finland n = 1,833 | Germany n = 595 | Sweden n = 2,525 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feeding typea | Mother with T1D n = 127 | Other n = 3,596 | Mother with T1D n = 68 | Other n = 1,765 | Mother with T1D n = 109 | Other n = 486 | Mother with T1D n = 53 | Other n = 2,472 |
| Exclusively human milk feeding: own mother's milk and donated human milk | 33.9 | 51.3b | 75.0 | 68.4 | 51.4 | 74.5b | 28.3 | 71.3b |
| Exclusively own mother's milkc | 32.3 | 50.9b | 7.4 | 24.1 | 51.4 | 74.5b | 24.5 | 70.6b |
| Any human milk feedingd | 89.8 | 92.5 | 100.0 | 99.9 | 93.6 | 92.4 | 98.1 | 98.8 |
| Own mother's milk | 89.3 | 92.3 | 100.0 | 99.7 | 93.5 | 92.4 | 98.0 | 98.8 |
| Donated human milkd | 1.6 | 0.5 | 91.2 | 66.0b | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.7 | 1.3b |
| Any infant formula | 61.4 | 44.9b | 22.1 | 30.1 | 44.0 | 23.9b | 69.8 | 28.2b |
| Cow's milk based formulad | 60.6 | 43.4b | 16.2 | 20.3 | 20.2 | 13.6 | 66.0 | 27.8b |
| Extensively hydrolysed formulad | 0.8 | 0.2 | 7.4 | 13.3 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 5.7 | 0.3b |
| Partially hydrolysed formulad | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.3 | 9.5b | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Unknown infant formulae | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.1b |
Note. An infant was included in several categories, if he/she received different feeding types during the 3 first days of life. T1D = Type 1 diabetes; TEDDY = the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young.
All feeding type groups showed significant differences (p < .05) between countries, by maternal T1D group, except the extensively hydrolysed formula and unknown feeding type among infants of a mother with T1D.
Significant difference between mothers with T1D versus other mothers within each country (p < .01).
Proportion (%) of infants who were exclusively breastfed during the first 3 days (no donated human milk or other supplementary milk given).
Proportion of missing values in the human milk and donated human milk data was <1%, 1.6% in the cow's milk based infant formula data, and 2.7% in the partially hydrolysed infant formula data 27% across all countries.
Unknown group: Infant had received supplementary milk, but there were no information on what type of milk.