Table 2.

Symptoms of celiac disease and associated conditions [20]

Classic symptoms • Abdominal distension • Abdominal pain • Chronic diarrhea • Anorexia • Irritability • Weight loss (or failure to thrive in children) • Muscle wasting • Dermatitis herpetiformis	Non-classic symptoms • Unexplained iron or folate deficiency anemia • Aphthous stomatitis (oral canker sores) • Dental enamel defects • Persistent/recurrent vomiting • Irritable bowel syndrome • Chronic constipation • Abnormal liver enzymes (ALT/AST) • Arthritis, arthralgia • Osteoporosis/osteopenia • Short stature • Delayed puberty • Infertility
Associated conditions (% affected) • Relative of individual with celiac disease (8–15%) • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (4–8%) • Autoimmune thyroiditis (2–5%) • Trisomy-21 (Down syndrome) (2–5%) • Turner syndrome (2–5%) • IgA deficiency (2–5%, up to 30% in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms)	Neurological presentations • Unexplained ataxia • Peripheral neuropathy • Epilepsy with occipital calcifications • Depression, anxiety • Fatigue

IgA immunoglobulin A, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase