Table 8.
Expression of intracrine enzymes in bone, lungs and central nervous system (CNS) – results of the systematic search.
| Gene | Detection | Bone | References | Lung | References | CNS | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecule | Technique# | |||||||
| StAR | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes∧ | Pezzi et al., 2003 | n.d. | ||
| CYP11A1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | yes | Rodríguez-Sanz et al., 2015 | yes∧ | Pezzi et al., 2003 | yes | Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 |
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Beyenburg et al., 1999; Watzka et al., 1999 | ||||
| Protein | WB | yes* | Rodríguez-Sanz et al., 2015 | n.d. | ||||
| CYP17A1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | yes | Rodríguez-Sanz et al., 2015 | no∧ | Pezzi et al., 2003 | yes | Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 |
| RT-PCR | – | – | no | Steckelbroeck et al., 2004b | ||||
| Protein | WB | yes* | Rodríguez-Sanz et al., 2015 | n.d. | n.d. | |||
| IHC | n.d. | n.d. | no | Steckelbroeck et al., 2004b | ||||
| Activity | n.d. | n.d. | no | Steckelbroeck et al., 2004b | ||||
| CYP19A1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | yes | Oz et al., 2001 | yes | Pezzi et al., 2003; Aresti et al., 2014; Kohno et al., 2014; Konings et al., 2017 | yes | Sasano et al., 1998; Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1998a; Stoffel-Wagner, 2001; Yague et al., 2006 |
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1999a | ||||
| ISH | yes | Sasano et al., 1997 | n.d. | n.d. | ||||
| Protein | IHC | yes | Sasano et al., 1997; Oz et al., 2001 | yes | Verma et al., 2013; Siegfried and Stabile, 2014; Taniuchi et al., 2014; Konings et al., 2017 | yes | Naftolin et al., 1996; Yague et al., 2006, 2010 | |
| ELISA | n.d. | yes | Aresti et al., 2014; Skjefstad et al., 2016; Tanaka et al., 2016 | n.d. | ||||
| Activity | yes | Schweikert et al., 1995 | yes | Taniuchi et al., 2014 | yes | Naftolin and MacLusky, 1982; Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | ||
| 3βHSD1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes∧ | Pezzi et al., 2003 | no | Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | |
| 3βHSD2 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | no∧ | Pezzi et al., 2003 | no | Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | |
| 17βHSDs | ||||||||
| HSD17B oxidative activity | yes | Muir et al., 2004 | n.d. | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 1999, 2003; Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | |||
| HSD17B reductive activity | yes | Muir et al., 2004 | n.d. | Tsai et al., 2001; Attar et al., 2009; Huhtinen et al., 2014 | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 1999, 2003; Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | ||
| 17βHSD1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Takeyama et al., 2000; Drzewiecka et al., 2015; Konings et al., 2017) | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1999a; Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | |
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Beyenburg et al., 2000 | ||||
| mRNA | ISH | yes | Sasano et al., 1997 | n.d. | n.d. | |||
| 17βHSD1 | Protein | Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1999b; Beyenburg et al., 2000 | ||
| IHC | yes | Sasano et al., 1997 | yes | Verma et al., 2013; Drzewiecka et al., 2015; Konings et al., 2017 | n.d. | |||
| WB | n.d. | yes | Drzewiecka et al., 2015 | n.d. | ||||
| 17βHSD2 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Takeyama et al., 2000; Simard et al., 2010; Konings et al., 2017 | no | Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | |
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1999b; Beyenburg et al., 2000 | ||||
| NB | n.d. | n.d. | no | Casey et al., 1994 | ||||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | Verma et al., 2013 | n.d. | |||
| WB | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||
| 17βHSD3 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | ||
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1999b; Beyenburg et al., 2000 | ||||
| 17βHSD4 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Konings et al., 2017 | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1999a; Stoffel-Wagner, 2001; Steckelbroeck et al., 2003 | |
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1999b; Beyenburg et al., 2000 | ||||
| NB | n.d. | yes | Möller et al., 1999 | yes | Möller et al., 1999 | |||
| 17βHSD6 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Huang and Luu-The, 2000; Steckelbroeck et al., 2003 | |||
| 17βHSD7 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Törn et al., 2003; Konings et al., 2017 | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 2003 | |
| 17βHSD8 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Ohno et al., 2008 | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 2003 | |
| 17βHSD9 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 2003 | ||
| 17βHSD10 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 2003; He and Yang, 2006; Hovorkova et al., 2008 | ||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | n.d. | yes | He et al., 2005b | |||
| C-ELISA | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Hovorkova et al., 2008 | ||||
| 17βHSD11 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Chai et al., 2003 | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 2003 | |
| mRNA | NB | n.d. | yes | Chai et al., 2003 | n.d. | |||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | Brereton et al., 2001 | n.d. | |||
| 17βHSD12 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Sakurai et al., 2006; Konings et al., 2017 | yes | Sakurai et al., 2006 | |
| mRNA | NB | n.d. | yes | Sakurai et al., 2006 | yes | Sakurai et al., 2006 | ||
| mRNA | NB | n.d. | n.d. | no | Casey et al., 1994 | |||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | Yes$ | Sakurai et al., 2006 | n.d. | |||
| AKR1C activity | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 2010 | ||||
| AKR1C1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Penning et al., 2000; Stoffel-Wagner et al., 2003; Steckelbroeck et al., 2010 | ||
| AKR1C2 | mRNA | RT PCR | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Penning et al., 2000 | ||
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 2003; Steckelbroeck et al., 2004a, 2010 | ||||
| AKR1C3 | mRNA | RT PCR | n.d. | yes | Simard et al., 2010; Konings et al., 2017 | n.d. | ||
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 2000, 2003; Steckelbroeck et al., 2001, 2004a; Stoffel-Wagner, 2001 | ||||
| NB | n.d. | n.d. | Lin et al., 1997 | n.d. | ||||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | Miller et al., 2012b; Chang et al., 2013 | n.d. | |||
| AKR1C4 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | n.d. | no | Steckelbroeck et al., 2010 | ||
| Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | no | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 2000, 2003; Steckelbroeck et al., 2004a | ||||
| SRD5A1 | mRNA | Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1998b, 2000, 2003 | ||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | Aumüller et al., 1996 | yes | Aumüller et al., 1996 | ||
| activity | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1998b; Steckelbroeck et al., 2001 | ||||
| SRD5A2 | mRNA | Comp-RT | n.d. | n.d. | no | Stoffel-Wagner et al., 1998b, 2000 | ||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | Aumüller et al., 1996 | yes | Aumüller et al., 1996 | ||
| STS | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | Konings et al., 2017 | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 2004b | |
| RT-PCR | – | no | Miki et al., 2002 | no | Miki et al., 2002 | |||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | Iida et al., 2013 | yes | Steckelbroeck et al., 2004b | ||
| IHC | – | no | Miki et al., 2002 | no | Miki et al., 2002 | |||
| Activity | yes | Muir et al., 2004 | yes | Milewich et al., 1983; Munroe and Chang, 1987 | yes | Platia et al., 1984 | ||
| SULT1E1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | yes | Svoboda et al., 2007 | yes | Miki et al., 2002; Konings et al., 2017 | yes | Miki et al., 2002; Nishimura and Naito, 2006 |
| RT-PCR | n.d. | n.d. | no | Salman et al., 2011 | ||||
| NB | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | Miki et al., 2002; Iida et al., 2013 | yes | Miki et al., 2002 | ||
| IHC | n.d. | – | no | Salman et al., 2011 | ||||
| WB | n.d. | yes | Riches et al., 2009 | n.d. | ||||
| Activity | n.d. | yes | Jones et al., 1992 | no | Miki et al., 2002 | |||
| SULT2A1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | n.d. | no | Nishimura and Naito, 2006; Salman et al., 2011 3/4 Table VII continues | ||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | Riches et al., 2009 | no | Steckelbroeck et al., 2004b; Salman et al., 2011 | ||
| Activity | n.d. | n.d. | no | Steckelbroeck et al., 2004b. | ||||
| SULT1A1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Nishimura and Naito, 2006; Salman et al., 2011 | ||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Nishimura and Naito, 2006; Salman et al., 2011 | |||
| WB | n.d. | yes | Riches et al., 2009 | n.d. | ||||
| SULT2B1 | mRNA | RT-PCR | n.d. | yes | He et al., 2004, 2005a | yes | Nishimura and Naito, 2006; Salman et al., 2011 | |
| NB | n.d. | yes | He et al., 2004, 2005a | no | Meloche and Falany, 2001 | |||
| NB | – | no | Meloche and Falany, 2001 | – | ||||
| Protein | IHC | n.d. | yes | He et al., 2004, 2005a | yes | Nishimura and Naito, 2006; Salman et al., 2011 | ||
Primary/original references were analyzed and reviews were excluded (and are cited ad hoc in the text). The table report only the enzymes whose expression was assessed in reviewed studies**.
#
Technique abbreviations. For mRNA detection, NB: northern blot; ISH: in situ hybridisation; RT-PCR: reverse transcription quantitative (or semi-quantitative) PCR; Comp-RT: competitive RT-PCR assay; NB: northern blotting. For protein detection: IHC: immunohistochemistry; C-ELISA: competitive ELISA assay; WB: western blotting; activity: enzyme activity measurement.
*
CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 activities were detected in primary cells of bone.
**No publication was found describing the expression of 17βHSD13, 14, 15 and DHRS11.
∧
Detected in fetal lung tissue.
$
IHC signal in bronchial epithelium.