Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants.
| ESG (n = 33) | PG (n = 33) | PTG (n = 33) | CG (n = 33) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55.6 (10.3) | 53.7 (14.0) | 49.6 (11.3) | 53.5 (14.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.1 (5.1) | 28.3 (4.3) | 30.4 (5.4) | 32.0 (5.8) |
| Has a conjugal partner | 22 (66.8%) | 22 (66.7%) | 27 (81.8%) | 19 (57.6%) |
| Has no conjugal partner | 11 (33.3%) | 11 (33.3%) | 6 (18.2%) | 14 (42.4%) |
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate | 4 (12.1%) | 5 (15.1%) | 1 (3.0%) | 2 (6.1%) |
| Elementary incomplete | 15 (45.4%) | 18 (54.5%) | 18 (54.5%) | 24 (72.7%) |
| Elementary complete | 4 (12.1%) | 4 (12.1%) | 7 (21.2%) | 1 (3.0%) |
| Secondary incomplete | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (3.0%) | 1 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Secondary complete | 2 (6.1%) | 4 (12.1%) | 4 (12.1%) | 5 (15.1%) |
| University complete | 5 (15.1%) | 1 (3.0%) | 2 (6.1%) | 1 (3.0%) |
| Number of pregnancies | 3.5 (2.8) (0–12) |
4.1 (3.1) (0–16) |
3.5 (2.2) (0–11) |
4.0 (2.4) (0–12) |
| Parity | 3.2 (2.3) | 3.8 (3.0) | 3.0 (2.1) | 3.4 (2.5) |
| Classification by number of births | ||||
| Nullipara | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (3.0%) | 3 (9.1%) | 2 (6.1%) |
| Primipara | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (3.0%) | 6 (18.2%) | 3 (9.1%) |
| Multipara | 27 (81.8%) | 31 (93.9%) | 24 (72.7%) | 28 (84.8%) |
| Type of delivery | ||||
| Vaginal | 23 (69.7%) | 27 (81.3%) | 23 (69.7%) | 27 (81.8%) |
| Assisted | 21 (63.6%) | 21 (63.6%) | 20 (60.6%) | 22 (66.7%) |
| C-section | 16 (48.5%) | 14 (42.4%) | 19 (57.6%) | 13 (39.4%) |
| Reproductive status | ||||
| Menacme | 6 (18.2%) | 9 (27.3%) | 12 (36.4%) | 10 (30.3%) |
| Menopause | 4 (12.1%) | 3 (9.1%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Postmenopause | 23 (69.7%) | 21 (63.6%) | 19 (57.6%) | 23 (69.7%) |
| Pelvic floor dysfunctiona | ||||
| Urinary incontinence | 31 (93.9%) | 31 (93.9%) | 32 (97.0%) | 32 (97.0%) |
| Anal incontinence | 1 (3.0%) | 1 (3.0%) | 1 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Interstitial cystitis | 1 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Pelvic organ prolapse | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.0%) |
| Urodynamic diagnosis | ||||
| Normal | 3 (9.1%) | 5 (15.1%) | 3 (9.1%) | 2 (6.1%) |
| Urinary stress incontinence | 7 (21.2%) | 6 (18.2%) | 5 (15.1%) | 4 (12.1%) |
| Detrusor hyperactivity | 6 (18.2%) | 7 (21.2%) | 10 (30.3%) | 14 (42.4%) |
| Mixed urinary incontinence | 3 (9.1%) | 2 (6.1%) | 5 (15.1%) | 5 (15.1%) |
| Detrusor hypocontractility | 1 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.0%) | 1 (3.0%) |
| Infravesical obstruction | 1 (3.0%) | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Without urodynamics | 12 (36.4%) | 10 (30.3%) | 8 (24.2%) | 7 (21.2%) |
Absolute values with percentages are presented as: n (%).
Means with standard deviation are presented as: mean (SD).
ESG, electrical stimulation group; PG, palpitation group; PTG, palpation with posterior pelvic tilt group; CG, control group; BMI, body mass index.
a
Medical diagnosis with referral to physical therapy.