Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the whole cohort and compared between the designated futile TAVI group and control group
| All patients | Controls | Futile TAVI* | P values† | |
| n | 741 | 529 | 212 | |
| Age (years, median (IQR)) | 81.9 (77.3–85.3) | 82.1 (77.4–85.3) | 81.5 (77.3–85.3) | 0.459 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean (SD)) | 27.7 (5.08) | 27.79 (5.02) | 27.49 (5.23) | 0.469 |
| Male gender (n (%)) | 326 (44.0) | 229 (43.3) | 97 (45.8) | 0.597 |
| STS-PROM (mean (SD)) | 5.49 (4.73) | 5.23 (4.78) | 6.15 (4.55) | 0.017 |
| EuroSCORE II (mean (SD)) | 5.75 (4.93) | 5.40 (4.29) | 6.64 (6.18) | 0.002 |
| Atrial fibrillation (n (%)) | 316 (42.6) | 214 (40.5) | 102 (48.1) | 0.068 |
| COPD (n (%)) | 231 (31.2) | 149 (28.2) | 82 (38.7) | 0.007 |
| COPD GOLD classification (mean (SD)) | 1.86 (1.53) | 1.76 (1.47) | 2.10 (1.65) | 0.010 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n (%)) | 229 (30.9) | 155 (29.3) | 74 (34.9) | 0.160 |
| Current smoker (n (%)) | 65 (8.9) | 45 (8.6) | 20 (9.7) | 0.741 |
| Previous stroke (n (%)) | 80 (10.8) | 61 (11.5) | 19 (9.0) | 0.375 |
| Previous PCI (n (%)) | 200 (27.0) | 142 (26.8) | 58 (27.4) | 0.959 |
| Previous CABG (n (%)) | 100 (13.5) | 70 (13.2) | 30 (14.2) | 0.832 |
| Previous PM (n (%)) | 77 (10.4) | 55 (10.4) | 22 (10.4) | 1.000 |
| Serum creatinine (mmol/L, mean (SD)) | 106.58 (73.10) | 101.72 (66.69) | 118.73 (86.04) | 0.004 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2, CKD-EPI, median (IQR)) | 53.81 (37.36–72.32) | 55.29 (39.29–75.22) | 48.91 (31.36–69.48) | 0.003 |
| Haemoglobin (mmol/L, median (IQR)) | 7.80 (7.10, 8.40) | 7.80 (7.10, 8.40) | 7.80 (7.10, 8.50) | 0.934 |
| Albumin (g/L, median (IQR)) | 42 (40–44) | 42 (40–44) | 41 (38–43) | <0.001 |
| Serum NTproBNP (ng/L, median (IQR)) | 1603 (693–3844) | 1462 (648–3700) | 1891 (812–4326) | 0.084 |
| Aortic valve area (cm2, mean (SD)) | 0.82 (0.28) | 0.82 (0.23) | 0.83 (0.37) | 0.855 |
| Aortic valve peak gradient (mm Hg, mean (SD)) | 65.1 (22.3) | 65.7 (21.7) | 63.6 (23.5) | 0.250 |
| Moderate to severe RV failure (n (%)) | 72 (9.7) | 46 (8.7%) | 26 (12.3%) | 0.181 |
| SPAP over 60 mm Hg (n (%)) | 252 (34.1) | 190 (36.0) | 62 (29.2) | 0.096 |
| Transfemoral access route (n (%)) | 557 (75.2) | 416 (78.6) | 141 (66.5) | 0.001 |
*Guideline defined futile result=composite endpoint; either no decrease on NYHA class after 30–60 day follow-up or subject did not survive 1 year after procedure.
†P value for the comparison of designated futile TAVI versus the control group.
BMI, Body Mass Index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; NTproBNP, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PM, pacemaker; RV, right ventricle; SPAP, systolic pressure in arteria pulmonalis; STS-PROM, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.