Table 3.
In vivo echocardiographic parameters.
| Control | Obese | Ob-Ex | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| End diastolic volume (μl) | 58.9 ± 3.9 | 68.4 ± 3.0 | 59.2 ± 3.0 | 0.097 |
| End diastolic diameter (mm) | 3.70 ± 0.10 | 3.95 ± 0.08 | 3.72 ± 0.08 | 0.092 |
| Stroke volume (μl) | 41.39 ± 1.9 | 38.85 ± 1.3 | 43.26 ± 1.4 | 0.250 |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 443 ± 12 | 421 ± 11 | 446 ± 17 | 0.291 |
| Cardiac output (ml/min) | 18.2 ± 0.8 | 16.31 ± 0.6 | 19.37 ± 1.18 | 0.046 |
| IVS; diastole (mm) | 0.924 ± 0.04 | 0.869 ± 0.05 | 0.957 ± 0.05 | 0.440 |
| LVID; diastole (mm) | 3.65 ± 0.10 | 3.92 ± 0.07 | 3.71 ± 0.07 | 0.061 |
| LVPW; diastole (mm) | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.620 |
| Wall: Lumen ratio; diastole | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.279 |
| IVS; systole (mm) | 1.37 ± 0.05 | 1.25 ± 0.05 | 1.51 ± 0.09c | 0.019 |
| LVID; systole (mm) | 2.32 ± 0.12 | 2.82 ± 0.10ac | 2.24 ± 0.14 | 0.003 |
| LVPW; systole (mm) | 1.34 ± 0.05 | 1.18 ± 0.05 | 1.42 ± 0.11c | 0.030 |
| Wall: Lumen ratio; systole | 0.57 ± 0.04 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 0.65 ± 0.08c | 0.007 |
| LV mass (mg) | 90.2 ± 3.6 | 98.0 ± 3.9 | 97.6 ± 10.0 | 0.453 |
LV = Left ventricle, IVS= Interventricular septum, LVID = LV internal diameter and LVPW = LV posterior wall. Control n = 16, Obese n = 16 and Ob-Ex n = 7. P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA and shown in bold when a significant difference was detected (p < 0.05). Letters represent differences between specified groups by Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05) a Control vs. Obese, b Control vs. Ob-Ex and c Obese vs. Ob-Ex.