Figure 2.

Effect sizes (represented as average percent change in flea abundance) as a function of (a) climate and environmental variables (precip=precipitation, see Table 1 for description of parameters), (b) nonplot‐level variables, and (c) characteristics of individual prairie dogs for black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus; black dots), Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni; gray dots), Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens; black squares), white‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucurus; gray squares). *Indicates effect sizes greater than zero