Table 1.
Characteristics of the 3 heart rate analysis groups: aortic stenosis patients (PTS), physically active subjects (PAS) and amateur running athletes (ARA).
| Variable | PTS group | PAS group | ARA group | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (n) | 28 | 14 | 11 | – |
| Sex (female) | 14 (50) | 7 (50) | 0 (0) | <0.05* |
| Age (years) | 68.7 ± 12.9 | 65.7 ± 13.6 | 35.9 ± 10.1 | <0.01* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 4.0 | 25.8 ± 3.3 | 23.7 ± 2.1 | <0.01† |
| LVEF (%) | 64.4 ± 12.4 | – | – | – |
| Logistic EuroSCORE | 6.5 ± 5.9 | – | – | – |
| Physical activity (kcal/week) | 882 ± 1770 | 2332 ± 1163 | – | 0.03 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 24 (85.7) | 4 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | <0.01† |
| Diabetes | 10 (35.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | <0.05† |
| Renal failure | 8 (28.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.05† |
| COPD | 6 (21.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.05† |
| Medication | ||||
| β-Blockers | 18 (64.3) | 4 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | <0.01† |
| ACE-I/ARA-II | 17 (60.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | <0.01† |
| Calcium antagonist | 3 (10.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.520 |
| Anxiolytics | 12 (44.9) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | <0.01† |
BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARA-II, angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Values expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). Sex, comorbidities and medications were assessed through the Chi-square test and the remaining ones through the Kruskal–Wallis test.
*
Difference between ARA vs PTS; ARA vs PAS.
†
Difference between PTS vs PAS; PAS vs ARA.