Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression examining characteristics associated with insurance status, stratified by Asian ethnic subgroup.
| East Asian | South Asian | Southeast Asian | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (n=360) |
Model 2 (n=325) |
Model 1 (n=541) | Model 2 (n=503) | Model 1 (n=362) |
Model 2 (n=341) | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) |
P- val ue |
OR (95% CI) |
P- val ue |
OR (95% CI) |
P- valu e |
OR (95% CI) |
P- valu e |
OR (95% CI) |
P- val ue |
OR (95% CI) |
P- valu e |
|
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Female | 2.0 (1.1–3.6) | 0.0 15 | 2.8 (1.4–5.6) | 0.0 05 | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 0.07 4 | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 0.12 2 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.0 17 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.00 7 |
| Age | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) | 0.0 42 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 0.0 80 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.06 7 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.83 3 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.8 66 | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 0.50 9 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| HS/Some | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.1 34 | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.3 86 | 2.0 (1.0–3.8) | 0.03 9 | 2.6 (1.2–5.5) | 0.01 1 | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | 0.0 49 | 0.2 (0.1–0.9) | 0.03 0 |
| College graduate | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 0.9 32 | 1.8 (0.7–4.8) | 0.2 40 | 2.1 (1.1–4.5) | 0.02 1 | 2.9 (1.3–6.3) | 0.00 9 | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.0 35 | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | 0.02 2 |
| Length of Stay in US (ref=≤5 years) | ||||||||||||
| 6-10 Years | 1.7 (0.7–4.1) | 0.2 54 | 1.4 (0.5–4.4) | 0.5 61 | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.27 2 | 1.3 (0.6–2.5) | 0.49 5 | 1.7 (0.8–3.7) | 0.1 70 | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.63 2 |
| 11-20 Years | 1.7 (0.7–4.2) | 0.2 16 | 1.1 (0.3–3.3) | 0.9 08 | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 0.38 3 | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | 0.49 9 | 2.0 (0.9–4.3) | 0.0 98 | 1.5 (0.6–3.7) | 0.35 8 |
| >20 Years | 4.7 (1.7–13.3) | 0.0 04 | 3.5 (0.9–13.0) | 0.0 62 | 2.7 (1.1–6.7) | 0.03 3 | 2.3 (0.8–6.5) | 0.10 4 | 4.4 (1.8–10.6) | 0.0 01 | 3.7 (1.4–10.1) | 0.00 9 |
| Spoken English (ref= Not well/not at all) | ||||||||||||
| Very well | 6.1 (1.2–29.9) | 0.0 26 | 5.5 (0.6–53.2) | 0.1 41 | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 0.96 1 | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | 0.45 8 | 2.5 (0.9–6.4) | 0.0 67 | 2.0 (0.7–6.3) | 0.21 2 |
| Well | 1.7 (0.8–3.3) | 0.1 46 | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | 0.4 20 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.39 7 | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.27 2 | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.9 30 | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | 0.99 5 |
| General health status (ref=Fair/Poor) | ||||||||||||
| Excellent/very good | 3.5 (1.3–9.7) | 0.0 14 | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.73 0 | 1.3 (0.4–3.8) | 0.68 8 | ||||||
| Good | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.8 41 | 1.1 (0.5–1.9) | 0.93 1 | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 0.59 9 | ||||||
| Last routine health check (ref=Never) | ||||||||||||
| In the past year | 3.4 (0.8–14.9) | 0.1 02 | 6.4 (2.3–17.9) | <0.0 01 | 5.6 (1.2–25.2) | 0.02 5 | ||||||
| >1 year | 0.6 (0.1–3.0) | 0.5 68 | 2.9 (0.9–9.5) | 0.07 6 | 2.3 (0.5–10.9) | 0.28 7 | ||||||
| When sick or injured (ref=Nothing/medicine at home) | ||||||||||||
| Private doctor | 3.2 (1.1–9.4) | 0.0 33 | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | 0.24 0 | 2.6 (1.2–5.9) | 0.01 8 | ||||||
| CHC/OPD or clinic/Hospital ER/pharmacy | 1.0 (0.3–3.2) | 0.9 94 | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | 0.73 9 | 1.7 (0.7–3.8) | 0.21 9 | ||||||
| Traditional healer/Religious leader | 2.9 (0.3-23.8) | 0.326 | 2.4 (0.4-12.3) | 0.308 | 3.8 (0.7–22.0) | 0.136 | ||||||
| Inability to obtain care in the last 12 months (ref=yes) | ||||||||||||
| No/Don’t know | 2.0 (0.8–5.0) | 0.1 18 | ||||||||||
| Diabetes diagnosis (ref=yes) | ||||||||||||
| No/Don’t know | 2.7 (1.1–6.6) | 0.03 0 | ||||||||||
| Tuberculosis diagnosis (ref=No/Don’t know) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 4.7 (1.3–17.2) | 0.01 9 | ||||||||||
| Hypertension diagnosis (ref=No/Don’t know) | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | 0.81 6 | ||||||||||
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05)
US, United States; HS, high school; OPD, outpatient department; ER, emergency room; BP, blood pressure; DK, don’t know