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. 2018 Sep 26;8:14436. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32707-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bar chart displaying the reference values for 4D diastolic LV blood flow KE parameters along with myocardial velocities and 2D mitral valve diastolic inflow velocities. Advancing age is denoted on the x-axis, with the study population divided into groups (1–5). Group 1 = 23 ± 2 years old (n = 12), group 2 = 32 ± 3 (n = 9), group 3 = 47 ± 4 (n = 11), group 4 = 54 ± 2 (n = 10), group 5 = 69 ± 6 (n = 11). For the 2D mitral inflow velocities and myocardial velocities, the velocity (in cm/s) is given on the y-axis with errors bars denoting standard deviation (SD), whereas for 4D diastolic blood flow KE parameters, energy in μJ/ml is given, with error bars denoting interquartile range (IQR).