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. 2018 Sep 26;8:14412. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32819-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression analyses of selected cacao NRAMP genes. (a) Normalized expression values of NRAMP1, 3 and 5 genes in root tissue of cacao seedlings grown under four nutrient conditions i.e. standard 0.5X Hoagland solution (CTRL), CTRL excluding Fe²⁺ (T1), CTRL excluding Mn²⁺ (T2) and CTRL excluding Zn²⁺ (T3). (b) Normalized expression values of NRAMP1, 3 and 5 genes grown in standard 0.5X Hoagland solution (CTRL), excluding Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺ (T1) and excluding Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, but including 20 µM Cd²⁺ (T2). Pattern of expression was determined using qRT-PCR. Acyl Carrier Protein was utilised as the reference gene to normalize the expression values. Data are means ± SD of four biological replicates.