Table 4.
Meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence of AB-positive animals.
| No. prevalence inputs | Sample size (No. animals) | Weighted mean estimate | Confidence Interval (95%) | I2 (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 334 | 459,095 | 49.20 | (46.14–52.25) | 99.76 |
| Subgroup a | |||||
| UN Region | |||||
| Europe | 152 | 343,629 | 48.38 | (43.65–53.13) | 99.86 |
| North America | 36 | 23,737 | 53.35 | (41.94–64.60) | 99.67 |
| Central America | 8 | 3,593 | 41.00 | (24.60–58.48) | 99.06 |
| South America | 27 | 17,743 | 53.43 | (44.19–62.57) | 99.27 |
| East Asia | 15 | 11,017 | 40.88 | (28.86–53.46) | 99.40 |
| West Asia | 37 | 11,257 | 51.06 | (43.68–58.42) | 98.35 |
| South Asia | 15 | 11,598 | 50.82 | (37.35–64.22) | 99.40 |
| Australia | 17 | 20,326 | 52.60 | (43.01–62.09) | 99.35 |
| North Africa | 8 | 1,942 | 53.97 | (40.92–66.74) | 96.12 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 19 | 14,253 | 42.06 | (27.42–57.43) | 99.69 |
| Period | |||||
| 1961–1991 | 48 | 35,857 | 48.73 | (41.20–56.28) | 99.33 |
| 1992–2001 | 100 | 93,611 | 46.82 | (41.38–52.29) | 99.63 |
| 2002–2016 | 72 | 262,829 | 46.23 | (39.12–53.41) | 99.92 |
| Not specified | 114 | 66,798 | 53.38 | (48.28–58.44) | 99.40 |
| Production system | |||||
| Beef | 40 | 63,210 | 45.14 | (34.36–56.15) | 99.87 |
| Dairy | 168 | 79,367 | 51.76 | (47.67–55.84) | 99.24 |
| Mixed | 42 | 96,219 | 48.52 | (39.63–57.47) | 99.86 |
| Not specified | 84 | 220,299 | 46.34 | (40.64–52.09) | 99.84 |
| Age group | |||||
| ≤6 months | 33 | 5,869 | 47.68 | (37.17–58.29) | 98.42 |
| >6 months | 64 | 176,293 | 49.05 | (41.82–56.31) | 99.86 |
| Mixed | 93 | 66,863 | 48.89 | (43.01–54.78) | 99.55 |
| Not specified | 144 | 210,070 | 49.81 | (45.37–54.26) | 99.75 |
| Vaccination | |||||
| Yes | 21 | 28,653 | 66.04 | (52.24–78.60) | 99.80 |
| No | 177 | 272,973 | 45.19 | (41.29–49.12) | 99.74 |
| Not specified | 136 | 157,469 | 51.76 | (46.89–56.60) | 99.72 |
| Clinical signs | |||||
| Yes | 93 | 32,828 | 52.26 | (46.58–57.92) | 99.03 |
| No | 25 | 15,077 | 36.85 | (28.51–45.59) | 99.08 |
| Not specified | 216 | 411,190 | 49.35 | (45.48–53.21) | 99.83 |
| Programme | |||||
| Yes | 27 | 251,497 | 29.52 | (20.58–39.31) | 99.96 |
| No | 16 | 9,651 | 45.47 | (35.69–55.43) | 98.83 |
| Not specified | 291 | 197,947 | 51.34 | (48.09–54.58) | 99.51 |
| Diagnostic method b | |||||
| AB ELISA | 171 | 352,277 | 45.67 | (41.42–49.96) | 99.84 |
| NT | 146 | 94,929 | 54.26 | (49.90–58.58) | 99.41 |
| Mixed | 7 | 2,562 | 38.38 | (16.00–63.69) | 99.32 |
| Other | 10 | 9,327 | 43.63 | (23.04–65.42) | 99.73 |
aAll p-values were ≤0.01 and were calculated using the Cochran’s Q-test.
bThe description of the diagnostic methods is provided in Table 1.