Skip to main content
. 2018 Sep 20;9:1323. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01323

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

The four potential mechanisms of MSC treatment on kidney disease: (i) differentiation into innate cells, (ii) fusion with innate cells, (iii) secretion of protective factors by exosomes, and (iv) MV-mediated genetic information transfer.