FIGURE 5.

Phenotypes of TpNRAMP3-expressing Arabidopsis treated with different metals. (A) Expression of TpNRAMP3 slightly improved the plant growth grown in soil for 4 weeks; (B) expression of TpNRAMP3 significantly increased the length of seedling root on 1/2 MS medium with 500 μM MnCl₂ for 10 days; (C) expression of TpNRAMP3 did not affect the dry weight of adult plant when grown in soil with 40 mg/kg Co stress; (D,E) 40 mg/kg Cd caused the Cd toxicity in the leaves (D) and reduced the dry weight of adult plant (E) of TpNRAMP3-expressing lines. Asterisk indicated significant difference when compared with their individual control (CK) at P < 0.05; value was mean ± standard deviation (three biological replicates).