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. 2018 Sep 20;9:2170. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02170

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Copyright © 2018 Schoenhals, Cushman, Barsoumian, Li, Cadena, Niknam, Younes, Caetano, Cortez and Welsh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Regulatory T cells express the highest levels of GITR, especially at the tumor site, and are increased by radiation. 2 and 6 days post XRT, immune cells were isolated and phenotyped through flow cytometric analysis from either unirradiated or irradiated mice. CD45+ cells were further gated into either CD4+, CD8+ or Foxp3+ within CD4+ (n = 4 per group). (A) These values are represented graphically. (B) Representative MFI (mean fluorescence intensity) of GITR expression in control mice, 48 h and 6 days post XRT in CD8+, CD4+ Foxp3–, CD4+ Foxp3+, and myeloid (Supplementary Figure 1) cells with unstained and FMO controls (n = 16). (C) Averages of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD4+ Foxp3+, CD4+ Foxp3–, CD8+, and myeloid cells from all treatment groups (n = 18). *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001; ****P ≤ 0.0001 in Student t-tests; N.S., not statistically significant.