TABLE 2.
Top 50 upregulated genes with productive HPV16 infection
| Gene | Description or functiona | Fold change in expression |
|---|---|---|
| MT1G | Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids | 12.032 |
| MT1H | Mineral absorption/metabolism | 7.679 |
| TGFBR3 | Binds to TGF-β; could be involved in capturing and retaining TGF-β for presentation to the signaling receptors | 7.295 |
| KLHL35 | Kelch-like family member; Kelch-repeat β-propellers are generally involved in protein-protein interactions | 5.814 |
| DLK2 | Calcium ion binding and protein dimerization activity | 5.057 |
| FBLN1 | Cell adhesion/migration/ECM architecture organization | 5.056 |
| ASS1 | Arginine biosynthetic pathway | 4.446 |
| GPER | G protein-coupled estrogen receptor; cAMP signaling, calcium mobilization | 4.446 |
| TDRD9 | Probable ATP binding RNA helicase | 4.393 |
| TWIST1 | Transcription factor, role in cell lineage determination and differentiation | 4.208 |
| FANCE | Member of the Fanconi anemia complementation group E | 4.183 |
| JAM3 | Cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells | 4.169 |
| CDKN2A | Cell cycle regulation | 4.122 |
| TSPAN4 | A cell surface protein that mediates cell development, activation, growth, and motility | 3.733 |
| LTBP4 | Involved in assembly, targeting, and activation of TGFB1 | 3.718 |
| ERAP2 | Aminopeptidase involved in peptide trimming, MHC class I presentation | 3.551 |
| LOC341230 | Similar to argininosuccinate synthetase | 3.454 |
| MXRA5 | Matrix remodeling-associated proteins | 3.281 |
| RPS23 | Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit | 3.23 |
| C14orf132 | Putative uncharacterized protein | 3.165 |
| CRIP2 | Putative transcription factor with two LIM zinc binding domains | 3.148 |
| ANGPTL2 | Member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family | 3.061 |
| GOLPH4 | Involved in endosome-to-Golgi apparatus protein trafficking | 3.058 |
| DPYSL2 | Cytoskeletal remodeling, endocytosis | 3.013 |
| CDC7 | Checkpoint control kinase critical for G1/S transition | 2.981 |
| FAM134B | ER-anchored autophagy receptor | 2.947 |
| NASP | Histone binding protein with a role in cell division, cell cycle progression, and proliferation | 2.885 |
| HEG1 | Calcium ion binding receptor component; may act through stabilization of endothelial cell junctions | 2.866 |
| ZCWPW1 | Zinc finger domain-containing protein | 2.8 |
| MTE | Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals | 2.786 |
| MDC1 | Required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage | 2.783 |
| CDH13 | Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins | 2.775 |
| OLFML2A | Extracellular matrix binding protein | 2.762 |
| LOC392871 | Undetermined gene ortholog | 2.728 |
| CYBRD1 | Ferric chelate reductase | 2.726 |
| RASIP1 | Ras-interacting protein required for the formation of vascular structures | 2.721 |
| LOC729137 | Undetermined gene ortholog | 2.7 |
| GPNMB | Type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein | 2.693 |
| MOBKL2B | May regulate the activity of kinases | 2.672 |
| LOC388494 | Undetermined gene ortholog | 2.645 |
| C10orf54 | Putative uncharacterized protein | 2.644 |
| E2F2 | E2F family of transcription factors | 2.572 |
| LFNG | Transferase enzyme | 2.571 |
| LOC100133866 | Undetermined gene ortholog | 2.568 |
| NFIX | DNA binding protein, capable of activating transcription and replication | 2.56 |
| P4HTM | Prolyl hydroxylases | 2.553 |
| RELL1 | Receptor expressed in lymphoid tissue-like 1 | 2.551 |
| FOXQ1 | FOX genes are involved in gene development, cell proliferation, and tissue-specific gene expression | 2.53 |
| TJAP1 | Tight junction-associated protein | 2.527 |
| HOXA11AS | Noncoding RNA gene | 2.525 |
| FN3KRP | Phosphorylates psicosamines and ribulosamines | 2.514 |
a
TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.