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. 2018 Jun 30;46(17):9181–9188. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky559

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 8. — Four possible pathways of formation of knots within replication bubbles of RIs. The top row shows one passage leading from unknotted replication bubble to the replication bubble forming knot. The second row demonstrates a DNA–DNA passage on a RI that results in a FR knot, as proposed by (14). The bottom two rows demonstrate how a DNA–DNA passage on a RI can result in a FR knot. The third row starts with a RI formed via intra-sister DNA–DNA passage, where the fourth starts with a RI formed via inter-sister DNA–DNA passage. The double arrows indicate when the RI or digested RI is moved. The black arrows indicate a strand passage and the green arrows indicate the parent strand being cut.

Inline graphic — Four possible pathways of formation of knots within replication bubbles of RIs. The top row shows one passage leading from unknotted replication bubble to the replication bubble forming knot. The second row demonstrates a DNA–DNA passage on a RI that results in a FR knot, as proposed by (14). The bottom two rows demonstrate how a DNA–DNA passage on a RI can result in a FR knot. The third row starts with a RI formed via intra-sister DNA–DNA passage, where the fourth starts with a RI formed via inter-sister DNA–DNA passage. The double arrows indicate when the RI or digested RI is moved. The black arrows indicate a strand passage and the green arrows indicate the parent strand being cut.