Table 2.
Characteristics of included reports, reasons for adaptation, and frameworks
| First author, year | Original EBI name (adapted EBI name) study design | EBI disease/topic | Reason for adaptation | Target population/setting | Adaptation framework (if mentioned) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original (author) | Adapted | |||||
| Reijneveld, 2003 [53] | Healthy & Vital (no change) Experimental—RCT |
Physical inactivity/poor physical and mental well-being | Cultural appropriateness New population |
People aged ≥ 65 in welfare services in the Netherlands | Turkish immigrants aged ≥ 45 in welfare services in the Netherlands | N/R |
| Komro, 2004 [54] | Project Northland (Project Northland Chicago) Experimental—RCT |
Alcohol use | Cultural appropriateness New population New community |
Mostly white, 6th–8th grade students in rural NE Minnesota, USA | Culturally diverse 6th–8th grade students in Chicago, IL, USA | N/R |
| Sarkisian, 2005 [55] | Empowerment: Facilitating a Path to Personal Self-Care (N/R) Non-experimental |
Diabetes | Cultural appropriateness New population |
Younger, mostly Caucasian patients with diabetes in the USA | African Americans and Latinos aged ≥ 55 with diabetes in public health diabetes and geriatrics clinics and senior centers in South Los Angeles, CA, USA | N/R |
| Tsey, 2005 [56] | Family Wellbeing (no change) Non-experimental |
Teasing, bullying, fighting, low self-esteem, truancy | New population New community |
Adults in Aboriginal Australia (Tsey [57]) | Students in 2 primary schools in remote indigenous communities in Cape York Peninsula, far north Queensland, Australia | N/R |
| Villarruel, 2005 [58] | Be Proud! Be Responsible! (¡Cuídate!) Experimental—RCT |
HIV | Cultural appropriateness New population |
African American adolescents aged 13–18 from community-based agencies in Philadelphia, USA | Inner-city Latino adolescents aged 10–19 in Philadelphia, PA, USA | N/R |
| Belanksy, 2006 [59] | Integrated Nutrition Education Program, INP (Integrated Nutrition and Physical Activity Program, INPAP) Non-experimental |
Nutrition and physical activity | Cultural appropriateness New community |
Elementary school children in a school setting in Denver, USA | 2nd and 3rd grade students in a rural, biethnic, low-income county in south-central Colorado, USA | N/R |
| Hitt, 2006 [60] | Project RESPECT (N/R) Non-experimental |
HIV/STD | New population New community |
Heterosexual individuals aged ≥ 14 attending 5 public STD clinics in the USA (Kamb [61]) | MSM, IDU, and heterosexual individuals attending either a local health department or a CBO for prevention counseling services in Texas, USA | N/R |
| Somerville, 2006 [62] | Popular Opinion Leader, POL (Young Latino Promotores, YLP) Non-experimental |
HIV | Cultural appropriateness New population |
White gay men in gay venues frequented predominantly by whites in midsized southern cities in the USA | Latino migrant MSM aged 18–30 in Texas and California USA-Mexico border communities | N/R |
| NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial Group, 2007 [38] | Community Popular Opinion Leader (C-POL) (no change) Experimental—RCT |
HIV/STD | Cultural appropriateness New community |
Populations vulnerable to HIV risk behavior in the USA | Individuals aged 18–49 at food markets with individually owned stalls in Fuzhou, China and individuals aged 18–30 in the following settings; wine shops in slums in Chennai, India; gathering points of young, high-risk people in barrios in Lima, Chiclayo, and Trujillo, Peru; trade school dorms in St. Petersburg, Russia; and retail establishments in rural Zimbabwe | N/R |
| Tsarouk, 2007 [63] | Reconnecting Youth (RY) (no change) Non-experimental |
Substance abuse and HIV transmission | Cultural appropriateness | High-risk students aged 14–18 in the USA | Russian adolescents aged 14–17 with poor school performance and mild behavioral problems in schools in Moscow, Russia | N/R |
| Beattie, 2008 [64] | Swim and Survive, and Infant Aquatics (Water Safety in the Bush) Non-experimental |
Water safety/drowning | Cultural appropriateness New community |
Infants, children 5–14 years, and parents in Australia | Children and adults in rural and remote Australian communities | N/R |
| Cornelius, 2008 [28] | Sisters Informing Sisters on Topics about AIDS, SISTA (Women Informing Women on Topics about AIDS, WIWTA) Non-experimental |
HIV/AIDS | New population New community |
Young African American girls in heterosexual relationships in San Francisco, USA (DiClemente [65]) | African American women ≥ 50 in heterosexual relationships who frequent churches located in low-income areas of North Carolina, USA | N/R |
| Gitlin, 2008 [30] | Chronic Disease Self-Management Program, CDSMP (Harvest Health, HH) | Chronic disease self-management | New population New community |
Middle-class white patients aged ≥ 40 in community-based sites in the USA (Lorig [66]) | African Americans aged ≥ 60 with chronic condition(s) in a senior setting in Philadelphia, PA, USA | N/R |
| Lerdboon, 2008 [67] | Vietnamese Focus on Kids (Exploring the World of Adolescents, EWA) Non-experimental |
HIV/AIDS | Cultural appropriateness New community |
Adolescents in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam | Adolescents aged 15–21 in both rural and urban Vietnam | N/R |
| Steiker, 2008 [29] | Keepin’ It REAL (Refuse, Explain, Avoid, and Leave) (N/R) Quasi-experimental |
Substance abuse prevention | Cultural appropriateness New population New community |
Middle school youth in the USA | Adolescents aged 14–19 in high risk, unique community settings in Texas, USA | Castro - cultural adaptation |
| Burgio, 2009 [68] | Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health, REACH II (REACH OUT, Offering Useful Treatments) Non-experimental |
Alzheimer’s disease | Implementation ease/feasibility | In-home Alzheimer’s caregivers in USA cities | Alzheimer’s caregivers in Area Agencies on Aging in Alabama, USA | N/R |
| Fiscian, 2009 [69] | Making Proud Choices (N/R) Non-experimental |
HIV/AIDS | Cultural appropriateness New population New community |
Minority adolescents in the USA | Adolescent girls aged 10–14 in a church-affiliated junior secondary school in Ghana | N/R |
| Mueller, 2009 [31] |
¡Cuídate! (no change) Non-experimental |
HIV/AIDS | New community | Latino youth aged 13–18 in Northeast Philadelphia schools, USA | Latino youth in a urban high school in Denver, CO, USA |
N/R |
| Pekmezi, 2009 [70] | Individually tailored physical activity print intervention (Seamos Activas) Experimental—RCT |
Physical inactivity and related chronic illnesses | Cultural appropriateness New population |
Sedentary adults in the USA | Overweight/obese Latinas aged 18–65 with low income and acculturation in Providence, RI, USA | N/R |
| Stevens, 2009 [71] | REACH II (Support Teams for Caregivers) Non-experimental |
Alzheimer’s disease or dementia | Implementation ease/feasibility | Family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia in 5 USA cities | Family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia in Texas, USA | RE-AIM and REP |
| DePue, 2010 [72] | Project Sugar 2, PS2 (Diabetes Care in American Samoa) Experimental—RCT |
Type 2 diabetes | Cultural appropriateness New population |
Urban African Americans aged ≥ 25 with diabetes in Baltimore, USA | Individuals aged ≥ 21 with type 2 diabetes in American Samoa | Lau’s framework for cultural adaptation |
| Domenech Rodriguez, 2011 [73] | Parent Management Training—Oregon Model, PMTO (Criando con Amor: Promoviendo Armonía y Superación, CAPAS) Experimental—RCT |
Parenting | Cultural appropriateness New population |
Divorcing mothers with sons in 1st–3rd grades in a medium-sized city in the Pacific NW, USA (Forgatch [74]) | Spanish-speaking Latino parents or relatives who co-parent in rural Utah, USA | CAP and EVM |
| Poulsen, 2010; [39] Vandenhoub, 2010 [75] | Parents Matter! (Families Matter!) Non-experimental |
HIV | Cultural appropriateness New community |
African American parents of preteens aged 9–12 in a controlled clinical setting in the USA | Families with children aged 9–12 in Asembo, rural west Kenya | MAP |
| Sadler, 2010 [76] | “Cancer Clinical Trials: The Basics” and “Conversemos un rato: Información para combatir el cáncer en su comunidad” (N/R) Non-experimental |
Breast cancer | Cultural appropriateness New population |
Individuals with cancer in the USA | African American/Hispanic American women, or women from diverse communities with breast cancer in California, USA | N/R |
| Rotheram-Borus, 2011 [77] | Project TALC (LA Project TALC in Los Angeles, Family to Family in Thailand, Mentor Mothers in South Africa) Non-experimental |
HIV | Cultural appropriateness New community |
Parents living with HIV and their children or caregiver supports in New York City, USA | Parents living with HIV and their children or caregiver supports in the USA (Los Angeles, CA), Thailand, and South Africa | CQI |
| Cardona, 2009 [78] | Parent Management Training—Oregon Model, PMTO (N/R) Non-experimental |
Parenting/mental health | Cultural appropriateness New population New community |
Divorcing mothers with sons in 1st–3rd grades in a medium-sized city in the Pacific Northwest, USA (Forgatch [74]) | Latino immigrant parents with children aged 6–12 with mild behavioral problems in Detroit, MI, USA | EVM |
| Feinberg, 2012 [79] | Problem-Solving Treatment (Problem-Solving Education) Experimental—RCT |
Depression | New population | Adults with depression in general practices in Oxford, United Kingdom (Gath [80]) | Mothers with limited incomes and high rates of depression in 3 settings where they receive services in Massachusetts, USA | Backer’s 6-step approach Castro’s cultural adaptation |
| Parker, 2012; [81] Chen, 2013 [82] |
Arthritis Self-Help Program, ASHP (no change) Non-experimental |
Arthritis | Cultural appropriateness New population Condense program |
Younger, mostly non-Hispanic white adults in the USA | African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white older adults attending senior centers in New York City, NY, USA | M-PACE |
| Reid, 2012 [83] | Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) (no change) Non-experimental |
Substance abuse, sexual behavior, and HIV | Cultural appropriateness New community |
Drug abusers | HIV-positive substance abusers in recovery in Trinidad and Tobago | N/R |
| Rosati, 2012 [84] | Family Matters (Thai Family Matters) Experimental—RCT |
Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use | Cultural appropriateness New community |
Parents and children in the USA | Adolescents aged 13–14 and their parents in Bangkok, Thailand | N/R |
| Tomioka, 2012 [85] | Chronic Disease Self-Management Program, CDSMP (Ke Ola Pono) Non-experimental |
Chronic disease self-management | Cultural appropriateness New population |
Adults aged ≥ 40 with chronic diseases in community-based sites in California, USA (Lorig [66]) | Asians and Pacific Islanders with chronic diseases in Hawaii, USA | CDC’s adaptation traffic light |
| Danielson, 2013 [33] | Sistas Informing, Healing, Living, and Empowering, SiHLE (SiHLEWeb) Non-experimental |
HIV/STD | Cultural appropriateness Implementation ease/feasibility |
African American adolescents in community health agencies in the USA (DiClemente [65]) | Community-dwelling traditionally underserved African American girls aged 13–18 in the Southeast USA | N/R |
| Fasula, 2013 [86] | Project Safe (Project POWER) Non-experimental |
HIV/STD | New population New community |
African American and Mexican American women in STD clinics in in San Antonio, USA (Shain [87]) |
HIV-negative women with sentences up to 14 months due to be released within 6 months in North Carolina women’s prison facilities, USA | MAP |
| Parker, 2013a; [88] Parker; 2013b [89] |
Healthy Living Project (Supporting Youth and Motivating Positive Action, SYMPA) Non-experimental |
HIV/AIDS | New population New community |
Adults living with HIV in the USA | Youth aged 15–24 living with HIV/AIDS in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo | ADAPT |
| Wainer, 2013 [90] | Reciprocal imitation training (RIT) (no change) Non-experimental |
ASD | Implement in new community setting Make program more widely accessible |
Individuals working with children with ASD, including parents, in the USA | Individuals working with children with ASD, including parents, in the participants’ homes and research lab in the Midwestern USA | N/R |
| Williams, 2013 [91] | Adherence Through Home Education and Nursing Assessment, ATHENA (N/R) Experimental—RCT |
HIV/AIDS | Cultural appropriateness New population New community |
European, African and Hispanic individuals with a high prevalence of substance abuse and mental illness for whom ARV therapy was prescribed in the northeastern USA | Patients living with HIV/AIDS receiving ARV therapy from the Hunan China CARES clinical program in rural south central China | Castro’s cultural adaptation |
| Baydala, 2014 [92] | Life Skills Training, LST (Nimi Icinohabi) Quasi-experimental design |
Substance abuse | Cultural appropriateness New population |
Elementary, middle, and high school students, including ethnic minority youth in the USA | Aboriginal school-age children in Central Alberta, Canada | N/R |
| Broning, 2014 [93] | Strengthening Families Program for Parents and Youth 10–14, SFP 10–14 (Familien Stärken) Experimental—RCT |
Substance abuse | Cultural appropriateness New community |
Adolescents aged 10–14 and their caregivers in rural economically deprived regions in Iowa, USA | Adolescents aged 10–14 and their caregivers in socially deprived urban districts in Hamburg, Schwerin, Hanover and Munich, Germany | N/R |
| Cariou, 2014 [94] | Pool Cool (no change) Non-experimental |
Skin cancer | New population Implementation ease/feasibility |
Aquatics instructors, kids aged 5–10, parents and other pool users in Hawaii and Massachusetts, USA (Glanz [95]) | Children and adolescents aged 2–17 enrolled in swim lessons at the Payette Municipal Pool, rural Idaho, USA | N/R |
| Reback, 2014 [96] | Gay-specific cognitive behavioral therapy, GCBT (Getting Off: A Behavioral Treatment Intervention for Gay and Bisexual Male Methamphetamine Users) Experimental - RCT |
Methamphetamine use/HIV | New community | Methamphetamine-using gay and bisexual men in a controlled clinical setting in the USA | Methamphetamine-using MSM in a community-based HIV prevention setting in Los Angeles, CA, USA | N/R |
| Riggs, 2014 [32] | Family Overweight: Comparing Use of Strategies, FOCUS (Family Wellness Program, FWP) Non-experimental |
Pediatric obesity | Implementation ease/feasibility New community |
Obese children and their parents in the USA (Saelens [97]) | Obese children aged 6–12 and their parents in primary care clinics near Seattle, WA, USA | N/R |
| Tu, 2014 [98] | Clinic-based educational program to promote CRC screening among Chinese immigrants (N/R) Quasi-experimental |
Colorectal cancer screening | New population Implementation ease/feasibility |
Chinese immigrant in a community health center in the metropolitan area of Seattle, USA (Tu [99]) | Vietnamese patients of community health centers in the metropolitan area of Seattle, WA, USA | Diffusion of innovations theory |
N/R not reported, ASD autism spectrum disorder, ARV antiretroviral, CAP cultural adaptation process, CBO community-based organization, CQI continuous quality improvement, EVM ecological validity model, IDU injection drug user, M-PACE Method for Planned Adaptation through Community Engagement, MAP Map of Adaptation Process, MSM men who have sex with men, RE-AIM Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance, REP Replicating Effective Programs, STD sexually transmitted disease