Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the sample stratified by percentage of exclusively breastfed, predominantly breastfed, partially breastfed and non-breastfed
| n | Exclusively breastfed % (95% CI) | Predominantly breastfed % (95% CI) | Partially breastfed % (95% CI) | Non breastfed % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infants characteristics | |||||
| Infant’s age | |||||
| 0–60 days | 118 | 70.3(61.4,78) | 13.6(8.4,21.1) | 16.1(10.4,24) | 0(0,0) |
| 61–120 days | 107 | 29.9(21.9,39.4) | 24.3(17,33.5) | 42.1(32.9,51.7) | 3.7(1.4,9.7) |
| 121–180 days | 117 | 7.7(4,14.2) | 28.2(20.7,37.2) | 61.5(52.3,70) | 2.6(0.8,7.8) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 178 | 38.2(31.3,45.6) | 23(17.4,29.9) | 36(29.2,43.3) | 2.8(1.2,6.6) |
| Female | 164 | 34.1(27.2,41.8) | 20.7(15.2,27.7) | 43.9(36.4,51.7) | 1.2(0.3,4.8) |
| Birth order (Reference child) | |||||
| 1st child | 145 | 37.2(29.7,45.5) | 26.2(19.6,34.1) | 34.5(27.1,42.7) | 2.1(0.7,6.3) |
| 2nd child or over | 197 | 35.5(29.1,42.5) | 18.8(13.9,24.9) | 43.7(36.8,50.7) | 2(0.8,5.3) |
| Immunization status (According to mothers’ response) | |||||
| Properly Immunized | 263 | 29.3(24.1,35.1) | 26.2(21.2,31.9) | 42.2(36.3,48.3) | 2.3(1,5) |
| Not immunized | 79 | 59.5(48.1,69.9) | 7.6(3.4,16.1) | 31.6(22.2,42.9) | 1.3(0.2,8.8) |
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Age | |||||
| < 18 years | 21 | 38.1(19.1,61.7) | 14.3(4.2,38.7) | 47.6(26.3,69.8) | 0(0,0) |
| ≥ 18 years | 321 | 36.1(31,41.6) | 22.4(18.2,27.3) | 39.3(34,44.7) | 2.2(1,4.5) |
| Maternal education level | |||||
| No formal education | 112 | 36.6(28.1,46) | 20.5(14,29.2) | 40.2(31.4,49.6) | 2.7(0.9,8.1) |
| Primary complete | 147 | 33.3(26.1,41.4) | 21.8(15.8,29.3) | 42.9(35,51.1) | 2(0.7,6.2) |
| secondary or above | 83 | 41(30.7,52) | 24.1(16,34.7) | 33.7(24.2,44.8) | 1.2(0.2,8.4) |
| Maternal occupation | |||||
| Housewife | 310 | 37.7(32.5,43.3) | 22.9(18.5,27.9) | 37.7(32.5,43.3) | 1.6(0.7,3.8) |
| Working mother | 32 | 21.9(10.3,40.4) | 12.5(4.50,30.2) | 59.4(40.9,75.5) | 6.3(1.4,23.2) |
| Maternal age at 1st pregnancy | |||||
| < 18 years | 98 | 34.7(25.8,44.8) | 18.4(11.8,27.5) | 45.9(36.2,56) | 1(0.1,7.1) |
| ≥ 18 years | 244 | 36.9(31,43.2) | 23.4(18.4,29.1) | 37.3(31.4,43.6) | 2.5(1.1,5.4) |
| EBF planning during pregnancy | |||||
| planned | 308 | 38.3(33,43.9) | 20.5(16.3,25.4) | 39.6(34.3,45.2) | 1.6(0.7,3.9) |
| not planned | 34 | 17.6(7.8,35.2) | 35.3(20.6,53.4) | 41.2(25.4,59) | 5.9(1.4,22) |
| Maternal depressive symptoms | |||||
| Absent | 263 | 39.2(28.9,50.6) | 17.7(10.7,28.0) | 43(32.4,54.4) | 0(0,0) |
| Present | 79 | 35.4(29.8,41.4) | 23.2(18.5,28.7) | 38.8(33,44.8) | 2.7(1.3,5.5) |
| Antenatal care (ANC) | |||||
| No or < 4 ANC visits | 106 | 28.3(20.4,37.8) | 24.5(17.2,33.8) | 44.3(35,54) | 2.8(0.9,8.6) |
| 4 visits or more | 236 | 39.8(33.7,46.3) | 20.8(16,26.5) | 37.7(31.7,44.1) | 1.7(0.6,4.5) |
| Received postnatal care services | 176 | 35.8(29,43.2) | 21.6(16.1,28.4) | 40.3(33.3,47.8) | 2.3(0.8,6) |
| Place of delivery | |||||
| Home delivery | 148 | 35.1(27.8,43.2) | 25.0(18.6,32.7) | 38.5(30.9,46.7) | 1.4(0.3,5.3) |
| Facility delivery | 194 | 37.1(30.6,44.2) | 19.6(14.6,25.8) | 40.7(34,47.8) | 2.6(1.1,6.1) |
| Delivery assisted by | |||||
| Trained professionals | 246 | 37.4(31.5,43.7) | 21.1(16.5,26.7) | 39.4(33.5,45.7) | 2(0.8,4.8) |
| Traditional birth attendant | 96 | 33.3(24.5,43.5) | 24(16.4,33.7) | 40.6(31.1,50.9) | 2.1(0.5,8.1) |
| Mode of delivery | |||||
| Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD) | 256 | 37.5(31.7,43.6) | 21.5(16.9,27) | 39.1(33.2,45.2) | 2(0.8,4.6) |
| Cesarean Section | 86 | 32.6(23.4,43.3) | 23.3(15.4,33.5) | 41.9(31.7,52.7) | 2.3(0.6,9.1) |
| Maternal dietary diversity | |||||
| ≥ 5 food groups | 164 | 41.5(34.1,49.2) | 20.7(15.2,27.7) | 36(28.9,43.7) | 1.8(0.6,5.6) |
| < 5 group | 178 | 31.5(25,38.7) | 23(17.4,29.9) | 43.3(36.1,50.7) | 2.2(0.8,5.9) |
| Maternal BMI | |||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 229 | 39.3(33.1,45.8) | 22.3(17.3,28.2) | 37.6(31.5,44.1) | 0.9(0.2,3.5) |
| Thin (< 18.5) | 36 | 25(13.1,42.4) | 11.1(4,27.1) | 61.1(43.7,76.1) | 2.8(0.4,18.7) |
| Overweight or obese (> 25) | 77 | 32.5(22.8,43.9) | 26(17.2,37.1) | 36.4(26.2,47.9) | 5.2(1.9,13.3) |
| Early initiation of breastfeeding | |||||
| ≤ 1 h after birth | 204 | 37.3(30.8,44.2) | 20.6(15.5,26.7) | 41.2(34.6,48.1) | 1(0.2,3.9) |
| > 1 h after birth | 138 | 34.8(27.2,43.2) | 23.9(17.5,31.8) | 37.7(29.9,46.1) | 3.6(1.5,8.5) |
| Prelacteal history | |||||
| No prelacteal given | 156 | 43.6(35.9,51.6) | 19.2(13.7,26.3) | 35.3(28.1,43.2) | 1.9(0.6,5.9) |
| Gave prelacteal | 186 | 30.1(23.9,37.1) | 24.2(18.5,30.9) | 43.5(36.5,50.8) | 2.2(0.8,5.6) |
| Household characteristics | |||||
| Household income | |||||
| < 10,000 | 81 | 27.2(18.4,38.1) | 25.9(17.4,36.8) | 43.2(32.7,54.4) | 3.7(1.2,11.1) |
| 10,000 to < 20,000 | 186 | 38.2(31.4,45.4) | 23.1(17.6,29.8) | 37.1(30.4,44.3) | 1.6(0.5,4.9) |
| > 20,000 | 75 | 41.3(30.6,53) | 14.7(8.2,24.9) | 42.7(31.8,54.3) | 1.3(0.2,9.2) |
| Household head | |||||
| Female head | 42 | 31(18.5,47) | 16.7(7.9,31.8) | 47.6(32.6,63.1) | 4.8(1.1,18) |
| Male head | 300 | 37(31.7,42.6) | 22.7(18.3,27.8) | 38.7(33.3,44.3) | 1.7(0.7,4) |
| Household food consumption score | |||||
| Acceptable high consumption (> 52) | 274 | 35.4(29.9,41.3) | 21.9(17.4,27.2) | 40.5(34.8,46.5) | 2.2(1,4.8) |
| Acceptable food consumption (42–52) | 44 | 47.7(33,62.8) | 18.2(9.1,33) | 34.1(21.3,49.7) | 0(0,0) |
| Poor or borderline food consumption (≤ 42) | 24 | 25(11,47.4) | 29.2(13.7,51.5) | 41.7(22.9,63.1) | 4.2(0.5,27.4) |
| Toilet facility | |||||
| Improved facility | 198 | 34.8(28.5,41.8) | 22.2(16.9,28.6) | 41.9(35.2,49) | 1(0.2,4) |
| Non improved facility | 144 | 38.2(30.5,46.5) | 21.5(15.5,29.1) | 36.8(29.2,45.1) | 3.5(1.4,8.2) |
| OVERALL | 342 | 36.3(31.3,41.5) | 21.9(17.8,26.7) | 39.8(34.7,45.1) | 2.1(1,4.3) |
CI Confidence Interval