Table 1.
Sample Characteristics by Condition Type (Healthy Control, Arthritis, Diabetes, Both Arthritis and Diabetes) (n = 1,566)
| Variable | Healthy, n = 538 | Arthritis, n = 631 | Diabetes, n = 286 | Both Arthritis and Diabetes, n = 111 | Total Samplea, n = 1,566 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) % | M (SD) % | M (SD) % | M (SD) % | M (SD) % | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Mean age* | 58.5 (5.1) | 59.4 (5.1)b | 59.2 (5.0) | 60.7 (4.2)b | 59.2 (5.1) |
| Gender* | |||||
| Men | 56.3 | 46.4 | 67.0 | 52.7 | 54.0 |
| Women | 43.7 | 53.6 | 33.0 | 47.3 | 46.0 |
| Education** | |||||
| Secondary or less | 13.2 | 15.6 | 19.0 | 19.8 | 15.7 |
| Some postsecondary | 16.8 | 20.4 | 20.1 | 25.2 | 19.4 |
| Postsecondary | 70.0 | 64.0 | 60.9 | 55.0 | 64.9 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married/living as married | 70.5 | 68.0 | 66.8 | 57.7 | 67.9 |
| Divorced/separated/ widowed | 17.9 | 21.5 | 21.2 | 27.0 | 20.6 |
| Never married | 11.6 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 15.3 | 11.5 |
| Work context variables | |||||
| Job sector | |||||
| Banking/insurance/business/technology | 17.0 | 11.8 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 14.5 |
| Education/health/sciences/arts | 41.2 | 41.9 | 29.8 | 37.6 | 39.2 |
| Construction/utilities | 10.1 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 13.8 | 11.3 |
| Sales/retail | 11.4 | 16.2 | 20.6 | 17.4 | 15.4 |
| Manufacturing/agriculture | 9.1 | 9.1 | 11.0 | 7.3 | 9.3 |
| Government | 11.2 | 9.5 | 11.0 | 8.3 | 10.3 |
| Hours per week | 36.6 (12.4) | 34.7 (13.7) | 36.7 (12.5) | 35.6 (15.4) | 35.8 (13.2) |
| Size of organization | |||||
| <50 people | 23.4 | 30.1 | 29.8 | 32.1 | 27.9 |
| 50–499 people | 23.7 | 26.7 | 27.5 | 20.5 | 25.4 |
| ≥500 people | 52.9 | 43.2 | 42.7 | 47.4 | 46.7 |
| Job involves physical activity (range 1–5)* | 2.7 (1.3) | 3.1 (1.4)b | 2.8 (1.4)e | 3.0 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.4) |
| Job control (range 0–36)* | 22.1 (9.5) | 20.6 (9.9) | 19.4 (10.2)b | 19.0 (10.0)b | 20.8 (9.9) |
| Job stress (range 1–5) | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.1) | 2.9 (1.0) |
| Job outcomes | |||||
| Workplace activity limitations (range 0–36)* | 2.1 (2.5) | 4.3 (4.4)b,c | 2.3 (2.8)c,d | 5.7 (4.7)b | 3.3 (3.8) |
| Job disruptions (range 0–7)* | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.9 (1.4)b | 0.6 (1.3)c,d | 1.1 (1.7)b | 0.7 (1.3) |
| Perceived productivity loss (range 0 to 10)* | 1.9 (1.7) | 2.6 (2.3)b | 2.0 (1.7)c,d | 2.9 (2.2)b | 2.3 (2.0) |
| Days absent related to health (past 3 months)* | 1.1 (3.9) | 2.6 (9.9)b | 2.2 (8.3) | 2.8 (9.7) | 2.0 (8.0) |
Note. ans vary due to missing data.
bGroup is significantly different from the “Healthy control” group, p < .05.
cGroup is significantly different from the “Both Arthritis and Diabetes” group, p < .05.
dGroup is significantly different from the “Arthritis” group, p < .05.
Chi-square or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) significant difference, *p < .01; **p < .05.