Table 2.

Investigations and findings

Case number	Diagnostic findings indicative of enterovesical fistula				Cystoscopy	Colonoscopy
	Fistulous tract visualized	Air in bladder	Bladder and/or bowel-wall thickening	Extravesical mass that often contained air
1 (Figure 1)	N	Y	Y	Y	A hemispherical uplift, the centre of which showed mucosal oedema with altered follicles, on the right rear aspect of the bladder wall	Multiple diverticula in the colon
2 (Figure 2)	Y	N	Y	Y	A mass in the bladder with white stones within it (size, 2.5 × 1.5 cm). On the right aspect of the wall was a fistula (diameter, ~1 cm) that was associated with pus and yellow floccules. The fistula bifurcated ~2 cm distally	When the colonoscope was 5 cm from the ileal valve, we injected methylene blue dye into the bladder. The blue liquid was seen to flow out from the appendix
3 (Figure 3)	N	Y	Y	N	A “strawberry-like” tumour (size, 0.3 cm) on the left aspect of the posterior wall of the bladder, surrounded by mucosal folds. Crystallization and precipitation were seen on the fundus of the bladder.	Multiple diverticula in the sigmoid colon (size, 0.2 × 0.2 cm)
4 (Figure 4)	N	N	Y	Y	A substantial mass that appeared to be a tumour (size, 4 × 4 cm) had several floccules adhering to it.	The distance from the circular tumour to the anal margin was 20 cm

Y, yes; N, no.