Table 2: Key Points in the Management of Heart Failure in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Diuretics	Diuretics increase the incidence of DM[51] Loop diuretics may be better tolerated, as thiazides promote hyperglycaemia[52]
β-blockers	Precipitate DM[46] Carvedilol and nebivolol with vasodilating actions are less metabolic effective[53,54] MERIT HF trial has shown that metoprolol improves survival similarly to DM and non-DM patients[55]
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists	EPHESUS study has shown that in post-myocardial infraction patients with DM eplerenone decreases mortality[56] Especially attention must be given to renal function and hyperkalaemia

DM = diabetes mellitus; EPHESUS = Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study; MERIT HF = Metoprolol Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure.