Table 4.

Factors associated with an SpO₂ measurement achieved in ≤ 1 minute

Characteristic		SpO2 ≤ 1 minute	SpO2 > 1 minute	OR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value
Age	Neonate	160	152	1.00	–	1.00	–
	Infant	192	158	1.15 (0.85, 1.57)	0.35	1.87 (1.16, 3.02)	0.01
	Toddler	245	72	3.23 (2.29, 4.56)	< 0.01	4.33 (2.36, 7.97)	< 0.01
	Child	279	49	5.41 (3.71, 7.88)	< 0.01	3.90 (1.73, 8.81)	< 0.01
Weight	< 10 kg	486	354	1.00	–	1.00	–
	≥ 10 kg	375	71	3.85 (2.88, 5.13)	< 0.01	1.80 (0.90, 3.59)	0.09
Ethnicity	Black	349	161	1.00	–	1.00	–
	White	226	104	1.00 (0.74, 1.35)	0.98	1.08 (0.65, 1.82)	0.76
	Asian	290	164	0.82 (0.62, 1.07)	0.13	0.68 (0.44, 1.05)	0.08
	Other	11	2	2.54 (0.56, 11.58.)	0.22	5.98 (0.97, 36.77)	0.05
Site of first measure	Toe	793	319	1.00	–	1.00	–
	Foot	59	73	0.33 (0.23, 0.47)	< 0.01	0.30 (0.17, 0.53)	< 0.01
	Hand/finger	24	10	0.97 (0.46, 2.04)	0.92	0.56 (0.17, 1.85)	0.33
Number of probe repositions	None	832	167	1.00	–	1.00	–
	1 reposition	41	120	0.07 (0.05, 0.10)	< 0.01	0.06 (0.04, 0.11)	< 0.01
	≥ 2 repositions	3	115	0.01 (0.00, 0.02)	< 0.01	0.01 (0.00, 0.02)	< 0.01
Child’s condition	Calm	556	205	1.00	–	1.00	–
	Agitated	53	106	0.18 (0.13, 0.27)	< 0.01	0.26 (0.14, 0.47)	< 0.01
	Crying	34	75	0.17 (0.11, 0.26)	< 0.01	0.15 (0.07, 0.30)	< 0.01
	Sleeping	233	45	1.91 (1.34, 2.73)	< 0.01	3.53 (1.89, 6.58)	< 0.01
Tester	Non-CHW	251	139	1.00	–	1.00	–
	CHW	155	73	1.18 (0.83, 1.66)	0.36	0.76 (0.41, 1.42)	0.39
	Expert	470	219	1.18 (0.91, 1.53)	0.19	0.94 (0.63, 1.42)	0.78
Study site*	Malawi	324	153	1.00	–	–	–
	Bangladesh	255	145	0.83 (0.63, 1.10)	0.19
	UK	297	133	1.05 (0.80, 1.40)	0.71

aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CHW = community health worker; CI = confidence interval; kg = kilogram; OR = odds ratio; SpO₂ = peripheral arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation; UK = United Kingdom.

^*Excluded for collinearity with ethnicity.