Fig.7B.

(B) Defenders and sensors and their expression (↑= upregulated; ↓= downregulated) in the brain, blood, or CSF of Alzheimer’s disease patients. These effects are matched to the effects of HSV-1, C. albicans, or B. burgdorferi as viral, bacterial and fungal representatives. These effects and those related to other pathogens are referenced in Supplementary Table 2. Regions: CP, choroid plexus; Cortical areas (Cx, cortex; Entorhin, entorhinal; Fr, frontal; par, parietal; Temp, temporal; occip, occipital); CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GVS, granulovacuolar degeneration; HPC, hippocampus; lympho, lymphocytes; macro, macrophages; mcyt, monocytes; mgli, microglia; Mvasc, microvasculature (brain); Neur, neurons; NFT, neurofibrillary tangles; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Plaq, amyloid plaques; Ser, serum; tang, tangles. Antimicrobial peptides and related: AZU1, azurocidin; βamy, amyloid-β; APCS, amyloid P component, serum; Calpro, calprotectin (= S100A8+S100A9); CHGA, chromogranin A; DCD, dermcidin; αdefs or βdefs, unspecified alpha or beta defensins: CAMP, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (LL-37); CHI3L1, chitinase 3 like 1 (aka YKL-40); Defensins, DEFA’s, DEFB’s: ELANE, elastase; HAMP, hepcidin; HTN1, histatin 1; IAPP, islet amyloid polypeptide (Amylin); LCN2, lipocalin 2; LTF, lactotransferrin; S100’s, S100 calcium binding protein; SNCA, alpha synuclein. Pattern recognition receptors: CD14; CD36; C-type lectin, CLECs; MRC1, mannose receptor C type 1; Toll-like receptors, TLR1 to 10. Viral detectors and antiviral: DEAD box proteins, DDXs; EIF2AK2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2 (pkr); SIRTs, sirtuins; 25- and 27-OH-cholesterol, 25- or 27-hydroxycholesterol synthesized by CH25H (cholesterol25- hydroxylase) and a cytochrome p450 enzyme (CYP27A1); IFI16, interferon gamma inducible protein 16; MX1, MX dynamin like GTPase 1; TRIM, tripartite motif protein; Complement related: CR1, complement receptor 1; CR2, complement receptor 2 (integrins: ITGAM/ITGB2); CR4, complement receptor 4 (Integrins: ITGAX/ITGB2); MAC, membrane attack complex (complement components C5b-C9). General: AGER, advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (also known as RAGE); CRP, C-reactive protein; Fc Gamma R, Fc gamma receptors; IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; Interferons, IFNA1, IFNA5, IFNB1, IFNG; Integrins, ITGAM/ITGAX/ITGB1; LGALS3, lectin, galactoside binding soluble 3; LTB4, leukotriene B4, synthesized by ALOX5); NLRP1, NLR family pyrin domain containing 1; Quin, quinolinic acid; RARRES2 and 3, retinoic acid receptor responder (2 and 3).