Table 3.

Alterations of genes associated with effect of anti-PD therapy.

Gene	Change of the response caused by mutations	Mechanism
BRCA2	Better	Mismatch repair deficiency (Hugo et al., 2016)
POLD1, POLE, MSH2	Better	Mismatch repair deficiency (Rizvi et al., 2015)
PTEN	Worse	Increased immunosuppressive cytokines and attenuated T-cell infiltration and activity (Peng et al., 2016)
EGFR	Worse	Decreased PD-L1 expression and CD8 + TILs (Gainor et al., 2016; Haratani et al., 2017)
JAK1, JAK2	Worse	Insensitivity to IFNγ and its antiproliferative effects on cancer cells (Zaretsky et al., 2016)
CALR, PDIA3, TAP1	Worse	Impaired HLA-1 complex (Pereira et al., 2017)
B2M	Worse	Impaired MHC type I and HLA-1 molecules (Zaretsky et al., 2016; Janjigian et al., 2017; Pereira et al., 2017)
PBRM1	Better	Activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and elevated sensitivity to IFNγ (Miao et al., 2018; Pan et al., 2018)
ARID2, BRD7	Better	Enhanced sensitivity to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity (Miao et al., 2018)
MDM2/MDM4, DNMT3A	Worse	Inhibition of p53 tumor suppressor (Kato et al., 2017)
TERT, NF1, NOTCH1	Better	Unclear (Kato et al., 2017)
APLNR	Worse	Attenuated IFNγ responses in tumors (Patel et al., 2017)