Table 2.

Neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological assessment in the on-phase of the disease.

		Median	Range	Mean ± Std. Deviation	Cut -off
Neuropsychiatric assessment
AS	[42]	6	2–30	8.28 ± 1.20	≤14
BDI	[39]	6	2–21	7.92 ± 1.01	≤10
BAI	[63]	12	3–23	12.56 ± 1.28	≤21
YMRS	[44]	1	0–21	3-08 ± 1.01	≤12
BPRS 4.0	[168]	38	24–54	37.52 ± 1.59
Neuropsychological assessment
MMSE	[30]	28	27–30	28 ± 19 ± 0.22	≥24
TMT A	[500]	48	30–159	59.04 ± 5.36	≤94
TMT B	[500]	176.5	70–500	227.23 ± 29.64	≤283
TMT B-A		112.5	29–432	165.35 ± 26.06	≤187
FAS		30	14–50	29.04 ± 1.96	≥17.35
Wechsler Memory Scale 4		7	1.5–19	7.61 ± 0.80
Wechsler Memory Scale 7		13.5	7–21.5	14.13 ± 0.78
WCST %		53.12	14–78.13	48.13 ± 3.55	≥37.1
WCST % errors		46.88	21.87–86	52.23 ± 3.54
WCST % perseverative errors		37.5	14.70–57.14	38.31 ± 2.23	≤42.7
Reponse Inhibition task: Go
Percent Targets	83,72
Reaction Time		174.68	61.34–396,24	175.66 ± 15.88
Reponse Inhibition task: NoGo
Percent errors	36.28
Reaction Time		151.05	69.60–398.32	169.30 ± 17.68

Awareness for Levodopa-induced diskinesias is also shown. Where possible, the maximum scores for each test are shown in square brackets. Wherever there is a normative value, the cut-off scores are given in the statistical normal direction; the values refer to the normative data for healthy controls matched according to age and education. Cells in grey indicate the absence of a normative cut-off. N, frequency; AS, Apathy Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; BPRS 4.0, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale version 4.0; MMSE, Mini-Mental state Examination; TMT, Trail Making Test; FAS, Verbal Fluency; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; GAM, Global Awareness of Movement Disorders; DS-I, Dyskinesias Subtracted-Index.