Table 1.

Segmental range of motion* (mean ± SD) with (experimental) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) cage (°).

	Intact	TLIF	TLIF + PS	% Change TLIF from Intact	% Change TLIF + PS from Intact
Flexion-extension 0 N	7.1 ± 1.1	3.3 ± 1.3	0.6 ± 0.3	−53 ± 18%	−91 ± 3.9%
Flexion-extension 400 N	7.1 ± 1.1	3.1 ± 1.1	0.6 ± 0.2	−57 ± 14%	−91 ± 3.5%
Lateral bending	8.0 ± 1.5	4.1 ± 1.5	1.1 ± 0.4	−50 ± 16%	−86 ± 4.5%
Axial rotation	2.4 ± 1.4	1.5 ± 0.5	0.7 ± 0.2	−21 ± 40%	−62 ± 24%

Abbreviation: PS, pedicle screws.

^*Reported ranges of motion are from combined L2–L3 and L3–L4 motion data.