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. 2018 Sep 21;10:103–111. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S166497

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© 2018 Morizawa et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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(A) Serum M-CSF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF levels in the three groups (MIBC [M], NMIBC [NM], and healthy controls [C]). Serum M-CSF levels in patients with MIBC are higher than those in patients with NMIBC and healthy controls. (B) M-CSF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF levels in the urine in the three groups (MIBC, NMIBC, and control). G-CSF and GM-CSF levels in the urine in patients with MIBC are higher than in those with NMIBC and controls. (C) Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis between the histoscore and CSF levels in the urine. CSF levels in the urine were significantly associated with the levels of expression of CSFs in the tumor lesion. *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MIBC, muscle-invasive bladder cancer; NMIBC, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; ns, not significant.