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. 2018 Sep 21;10:103–111. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S166497

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© 2018 Morizawa et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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(A) M-CSF expression in bladder cancer cells is not associated with the probability of recurrence or cancer-specific mortality. (B) G-CSF expression (high vs low) is associated with the probability of recurrence and cancer-specific mortality. (C) GM-CSF expression (low vs high) is also associated with the probability of recurrence and cancer-specific mortality.

Abbreviations: M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; RFS, recurrence-free survival; CSS, cancer-specific survival.