Table 1.
Patient characteristics associated with gender
| Characteristics | Total (n = 885,699) | Male (n = 498,339; 56.3%) | Female (n = 387,360; 43.7%) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, years | 64 (14) | 64 (14) | 65 (14) | <0.001 | |||
| Octogenarians | 16.4 | 15.9 | 17.0 | <0.001 | |||
| BMI (n = 877,105), kg/m2 | 29.3 (8.2) | 28.6 (7.4) | 30.3 (9.0) | <0.001 | |||
| <18.5 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 4.3 | ||||
| 18.5–24.99 | 29.9 | 32.1 | 27.0 | <0.001 | |||
| 25–29.99 | 27.6 | 30.2 | 24.2 | ||||
| ≥30 | 37.9 | 33.6 | 43.5 | ||||
| Missing | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Race | <0.001 | ||||||
| Asian | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | ||||
| Black | 28.1 | 25.7 | 31.1 | ||||
| Hispanic | 13.7 | 14.0 | 13.3 | ||||
| Native American | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | ||||
| White | 53.2 | 55.5 | 50.3 | ||||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Congestive heart failure | 34.9 | 34.2 | 35.7 | <0.001 | |||
| ASHD | 34.9 | 36.9 | 32.4 | <0.001 | |||
| Hypertension | 85.7 | 85.1 | 86.4 | <0.001 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 57.0 | 55.1 | 59.3 | <0.001 | |||
| Cancer | 8.1 | 8.9 | 7.0 | <0.001 | |||
| Amputation | 3.5 | 4.2 | 2.6 | <0.001 | |||
| PVD | 14.4 | 15.5 | 13.0 | <0.001 | |||
| TIA/CVA | 10.1 | 9.9 | 10.4 | <0.001 | |||
| COPD | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.4 | 0.006 | |||
| Hemodialysis access | |||||||
| AV access | 17.5 | 18.5 | 16.2 | <0.001 | |||
| AV fistula | 14.2 | 15.9 | 11.9 | ||||
| AV graft | 3.3 | 2.6 | 4.3 | ||||
| CVC | 81.8 | 80.8 | 83.1 | ||||
| Other | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||
| Maturing AV access (among CVC) | 22.7 | 23.4 | 21.9 | <0.001 | |||
| Laboratory data | |||||||
| Albumin (n = 655,620), g/dL | 3.1 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.7) | <0.001 | |||
| <3.5 | 50.8 | 50.1 | 51.8 | <0.001 | |||
| ≥3.5 | 23.2 | 24.1 | 21.9 | ||||
| Missing | 26.0 | 25.8 | 26.2 | ||||
| Hemoglobin (n = 707,818), g/dL | 9.8 (1.8) | 9.9 (1.8) | 9.7 (1.7) | <0.001 | |||
| <11 | 70.7 | 69.3 | 72.4 | <0.001 | |||
| 11–12 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 11.4 | ||||
| »12 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 6.3 | ||||
| Missing | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | ||||
| Dialysis setting | |||||||
| Dialysis facility | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | <0.001 | |||
| Home | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||
| Skilled nursing facility | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | ||||
| Employment status | |||||||
| Unemployed | 21.7 | 20.7 | 23.1 | <0.001 | |||
| Employed + others | 13.2 | 11.8 | 15.0 | ||||
| Retired-age | 42.9 | 44.3 | 41.2 | ||||
| Retired-disability | 22.2 | 23.3 | 20.7 | ||||
| Pre-dialysis nephrology care | |||||||
| None | 30.9 | 31.2 | 30.5 | <0.001 | |||
| <12 months | 31.9 | 31.7 | 32.2 | ||||
| »12 months | 23.5 | 23.6 | 23.4 | ||||
| Unknown | 13.7 | 13.5 | 13.9 | ||||
| Cause of ESRD | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 47.1 | 45.5 | 49.3 | <0.001 | |||
| Hypertension/LVD | 30.0 | 30.7 | 29.0 | ||||
| Malignancy | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.1 | ||||
| Cystic/hereditary | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | ||||
| GN/vasculits | 1.7 | 1.1 | 2.4 | ||||
| Secondary GN | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 | ||||
| Interstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.5 | ||||
| Others | 9.8 | 10.4 | 9.0 | ||||
| History of nursing home | 8.4 | 7.4 | 9.7 | <0.001 | |||
| Any health insurance | 93.3 | 92.5 | 94.4 | <0.001 | |||
| Provision of transplant information | 74.2 | 74.7 | 73.5 | <0.001 | |||
| Cause of death (among patients with 1-year mortality) | |||||||
| Cardiovascular 25.7 | 26.2 | 25.1 | <0.001 | ||||
| Infection | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.4 | ||||
| Malignancy | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | ||||
| Withdrawal of dialysis | 7.7 | 7.3 | 8.3 | ||||
| Unknown/others | 58.1 | 58.2 | 57.9 | ||||
| Mortality | |||||||
| 90-Day | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 0.84 | |||
| 1-Year | 24.9 | 24.8 | 25.0 | 0.06 | |||
Data are presented in mean (SD), or proportion where appropriate. BMI, body mass index; ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; CVA/TIA, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; AV, arteriovenous; CVC, central venous catheter; LVD, large vessel disease; GN, glomerulonephritis.