Table 1.
Demographics, laboratory, echocardiography and hemodynamic characteristics of patients included in the study.
| Variables | Control group (n = 30) | Test group | p-Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No PH (n = 14) | PH (n = 16) | |||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 62 (8) | 62 (6) | 62 (6) | NS |
| Male gender, n (%) | 18 (60) | 10 (71.4) | 9 (56.2) | NS |
| Body surface area, m2, mean (SD) | 1.89 (0.2) | 1.93 (0.2) | 1.94 (0.2) | NS |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 27.3 (5.1) | 33.4 (6.4) | 30.0 (5.6) | 0.004 |
| Systolic artery pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 122 (10.9) | 140 (25.9) | 141 (22.1) | NS |
| Diastolic artery pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 76 (10.2) | 82 (16.0) | 84 (11.3) | NS |
| Heart rate, beats/min, mean (SD) | 80 (14.4) | 83 (15.8) | 79 (14.1) | NS |
| Current smoking status, n (%) | 9 (30) | 13 (92.8) | 14 (87.5) | <0.001 |
| LV EDV by echography index, mL/m2, mean (SD) | 64.9 (7.6) | 59.5 (12.8) | 60.5 (10.4) | <0.05 |
| LV ESV by echography index, mL/m2, mean (SD) | 23.1 (5.7) | 23.4 (5.7) | 24.5 (5.5) | 0.001 |
| LV ejection fraction, %, mean (SD) | 68.2 (4.3) | 59.5 (3.5) | 59.2 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| E/A mitral ratio, mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.7) | NS |
| E/E’ mitral ratio, mean (SD) | 7.8 (1.5) | 8.7 (2.1) | 10.2 (2.3) | 0.001 |
| Peak velocity of systolic tricuspid flow, cm/s, mean (SD) | 186 (23) | 276 (37) | 402 (56) | 0.001 |
| Six-minute walk distance, m, mean (SD) | 536 (67.7) | 231 (73.7) | 229 (77.3) | <0.001 |
| FEV1, L, mean (SD) | 2.7 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| FCV, L, mean (SD) | 3.4 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC, %, mean (SD) | 81 (4.9) | 60 (5.4) | 61 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| PaO2, mmHg, median (IQR) | 95 (93–98) | 87 (74–98) | 83 (68–90) | <0.001 |
| PaCO2, mmHg, median (IQR) | 41 (34–47) | 50 (41–56) | 53 (42–69) | <0.001 |
| SaO2, %, median (IQR) | 97 (94–99) | 89 (82–91) | 81 (68–91) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL min−1 1.73 m−2, median (IQR) | 71 (68–105) | 63 (56–98) | 60 (49–82) | <0.05 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 205 (83–311) | 1340 (324–4389) | 2260 (658–5200) | <0.001 |
| Mean PAP, mmHg, median, (IQR) | 20 (18–22) | 42 (32–52) | <0.001 | |
| Systolic PAP, mmHg, median, (IQR) | 37 (24–38) | 60 (48–73) | <0.001 | |
| Diastolic PAP, mmHg, median, (IQR) | 12 (11–19) | 23 (19–31) | <0.001 | |
| Mean PCWP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 8 (6–11) | 10 (7–12) | <0.05 | |
| PVR index, Wood units/m2, median (IQR) | 3.5 (2.4–6.2) | 11.9 (4.8–14.4) | <0.001 | |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2, median (IQR) | 4.9 (2.6–7.2) | 2.8 (2.3–5.5) | <0.05 | |
Abbreviations: PH, pulmonary hypertension; LV, left ventricle; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; E/A mitral ratio, transmitral early diastolic velocity/transmitral late diastolic velocity; E/E’ mitral ratio, transmitral early diastolic velocity/septal mitral annular early diastolic tissue velocity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; PaO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; PaCO2, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation; eGFR, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
*Represents statistical significance between groups.