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. 2018 Sep 27;8:14482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32759-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic illustrating the diets received by sifaka subjects relative to the timing of sampling. All of the sifakas received a ‘daily diet’ across the calendar year. This standard fare was supplemented by one of two ‘foliage conditions’, namely a diverse blend in spring through fall or a single species in winter. Study 1 involved all 31 subjects, including those that gained (squares) or were denied (circles) forest access. Faecal sampling occurred once in midsummer and midwinter when all of the animals were provisioned with diverse blends (light green) versus single species (dark green), respectively. Study 2 involved only those 11 subjects that were denied year-round forest access. Sampling occurred an additional three times each in fall and spring, including pre-transition (circles), as well as both 2–4 days and 1 week (triangles) post transitions, when the provisioned foliage abruptly changed between the diverse-blend and single-species conditions. This sampling regimen resulted in two data points for each of the four conditions (diverse blend, fall transition, single species, spring transition). Images provided by S. Bornbusch.