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. 2018 Sep 27;8:14484. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32658-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The relation between area exposed to passive flooding (red; includes both marine overland flooding, and groundwater/storm drain flooding), wave inundation (blue), and erosion (green) is shown as Venn diagrams. Each intersecting region represents the land area exposed to the corresponding combination of hazards. The percent of land area represented by each region is displayed in the diagram (the precision to one decimal is also shown in parenthesis, for percentages that round to zero). The land area that is exposed to one or more hazards (cumulative area, or union between all land areas) is given at the bottom of each diagram. Diagrams are shown for the (a–c) present-day scenario, (d–f) 0.32 m, (g–i) 0.60 m, and (j–l) 0.98 m SLR scenarios.