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. 2018 Sep 27;8:14466. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32778-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of rhythms of activity with period lengths between 21 and 27 hours of study animals #2, #3, and #4 between Nov 15, 2012 and Nov 15, 2013. Plotted are normalized powers of rhythms of activity. Each row of panels represents the different time periods: Polar Night (DD), daylight and night (LD), continual light (Midnight Sun, LL) before the onset of new vegetation growth with NDVI values <0 (LL low), and continual light with above-ground new vascular plant growth (NDVI >0, LL high). Horizontal red lines indicate the significance threshold of p = 0.001.