Table 3. Intra-operative surgical characteristics.

Variables		GC-ERAS (%) (n=20)	HC (%) (n=40)	P-value
Type of gastrectomy				0.37
	Distal	16 (80)	27 (68)
	Total	4 (20)	13 (33)
Surgical approach				0.06
	Open	6 (30)	23 (58)
	Minimally invasive*	14 (70)	17 (43)
Reconstruction				0.67
	Billroth II	15 (75)	24 (60)
	Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy	1 (5)	3 (8)
	Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy	4 (20)	13 (33)
D2 lymphadenectomy		14 (70)	37 (93)	0.07
Combined resection		5 (25)	9 (23)	0.84
Operative time (min)		356±69	262±79	<0.001
EBL (mL)		60±70	127±104	0.01
Drain placement		5 (25)	34 (85)	<0.001
Nasogastric tube placement		7 (35)	40 (100)	<0.001
Intra-operative complications		0 (0)	1 (3)	0.67
Intra-operative transfusions		1 (5)	2 (5)	0.41

GC-ERAS = gastric cancer early recovery after surgery; HC = historical control; EBL = estimated blood loss.

^*Laparoscopic or robotic surgery.