Table 1.
Height-induced postural threat effects on quiet standing.
| Study | Group | Maximum threat | Sampling duration | AP COP MP | AP COP MPF | AP COP RMS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carpenter et al. (25) | 14 YA | 1.6 m | 120 s | Posterior lean | Increased | Decreased |
| 13 OA | 1.6 m | 120 s | Posterior lean | Increased | Decreased | |
| Hauck et al. (28) | 31 YA | 1.4 m | 60 s | Posterior lean | Increased | Decreased |
| Davis et al. (29) | 26 YA | 3.2 m | 60 s | Posterior lean | Increased | Decreased |
| Huffman et al. (30) | 48 YA | 3.2 m | 60 s | Posterior lean | Increased | No change |
| Pasman et al. (39) | 14 OA | 1.6 m | 120 s | Posterior lean | Increased | No change |
| Cleworth et al. (32) | 18 YA | 3.2 m | 120 s | Posterior lean | Increased | Decreased |
| Zaback et al. (34) | 82 YA | 3.2 m | 60 s | Posterior lean | Increased | Decreased |
| Cleworth et al. (35) | 20 YA | 3.2 m | 60 s | Posterior lean | Increased | Decreased |
Table includes studies that met the following criteria: (1) healthy young adults (YA) or older adults (OA), (2) height threat, (3) quiet standing task, (4) sampling duration (≥60 s), and (5) psychological or physiological measure to confirm efficacy of threat manipulation. Significant anterior-posterior (AP) center of pressure (COP) mean position (MP), mean power frequency (MPF), and root mean square (RMS) effects (maximum threat compared to lowest threat condition) for eyes open conditions are reported. Participants stood at the platform edge in the maximum threat condition for all studies except Carpenter et al. (25). Effects reported for Davis et al. (29) do not include results from the fearful sub-group.