Table 1.

Descriptives of prosocial tendencies, participation in chores, and unhelpful helping by age of child in years and gender of parents (with significant differences by parent gender noted).

	Prosocial tendencies		Chores		Unhelpful helping
	Mothers	Fathers	Mothers	Fathers	Mothers	Fathers
All ages N = 528	11.93 (2.24)		4.08 (2.25)		0.76 (0.43)
Nmother = 279	12.01	11.84	4.60∗∗∗	3.51	0.82∗∗∗	0.70
Nfather = 249	(2.26)	(2.21)	(2.50)	(2.50)	(0.39)	(0.46)
Age 1 Nage1 = 114	10.44 (2.34)		2.75 (2.33)		0.77 (0.42)
Nmother1 = 65	10.35	10.55	2.86	2.60	0.83	0.69
Nfather1 = 49	(2.58)	(2.11)	(2.17)	(2.53)	(0.38)	(0.47)
Age 2 Nage2 = 126	12.20 (2.24)		3.98 (2.68)		0.76 (0.43)
Nmother2 = 65	12.35	12.05	4.51∗	3.42	0.82	0.71
Nfather2 = 61	(2.23)	(2.25)	(2.61)	(2.67)	(0.39)	(0.46)
Age 3 Nage3 = 201	12.25 (1.90)		4.33 (2.44)		0.76 (0.43)
Nmother3 = 93	12.39	12.13	5.10∗∗∗	3.67	0.82∗	0.70
Nfather3 = 108	(1.76)	(2.01)	(2.31)	(2.35)	(0.38)	(0.46)
Age 4 Nage4 = 87	12.77 (1.90)		5.40 (2.06)		0.75 (0.44)
Nmother4 = 56	12.93	12.48	5.88∗∗	4.55	0.79	0.68
Nfather4 = 31	(1.63)	(2.32)	(1.85)	(2.17)	(0.41)	(0.48)

^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.