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. 2018 Sep 21;10:287. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00287

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Copyright © 2018 Kraner and Norris.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ΔCN is intensely expressed in activated astrocytes surrounding microinfarcts in human neocortex. (A) Representative low magnification photomicrograph from superior and middle temporal gyrus (SMTG) of a 90 year old human subject with multiple microinfarcts, but little-to-no Alzheimer’s pathology (Braak stage II) ΔCN labeling is present around several microinfarcts (arrows and arrowhead). (B) Serial section through STMG stained by H&E to confirm the presence of microinfarcts. The image shown is a high magnification of the region denoted by the arrowhead in Panel (A). (C) High power photomicrograph of the region in (A; arrowhead) showing intense ΔCN antibody labeling of astrocytes. Higher magnification of the areas denoted by arrows are shown in panels (D,E). (F) Merged confocal micrograph showing the colocalization of ΔCN (green) with GFAP around a microinfarct in human SMTG (red). (G–I) High magnification images of the infarct in Panel (F) shown in individual channels (G,H) and merged (I). Co-localization of ΔCN with GFAP was most extensive in the region immediately adjacent to the infarct. From Pleiss et al. (2016) used with permission.