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. 2018 Sep 20;9:2185. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02185

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Copyright © 2018 Ji, Ding, Shi, Lin, Huang, Gao and Ji.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolic pathways constructed in yeast for 3-HP production. Malonyl-CoA reductase pathway is shown in green, and β-alanine pathway is shown in purple. G3P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; GYC, glyoxylate cycle; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle; AAT2, aspartate aminotransferase 2; ACC1^∗∗, Snf1 deregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (two site mutations, one is Ser659→Ala, the other is Ser1157→Ala); ACS, acetyl-CoA synthetase; ACSse, acetylation-insensitive acetyl-CoA synthetase from Salmonella enterica; ADH2, alcohol dehydrogenase 2; ALD6, NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BcBAPAT, β-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase from Bacillus cereus; CIT, citrate synthase; EcHPDH, 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase from E. coli; GAPN, NADP-dependent G3P dehydrogenase; CaMCR, malonyl-CoA reductase from Chloroflexus aurantiacus; MLS1, cytosolic malate synthase; PDC1, pyruvate decarboxylase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; PYC1/2, pyruvate carboxylase 1/2; TcPAND, aspartate decarboxylase from Tribolium castaneum.