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. 2018 Sep 21;9:1074. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01074

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Copyright © 2018 Galozzi, Baggio, Bindoli, Oliviero and Sfriso.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mode of action of IL-1 and its inhibitors. (A) The IL-1 inhibitors (anakinra, rilonacept, and canakinumab). Anakinra (on the left) competes with free IL-1β for the binding with IL-1RI but not with the adaptor protein, thus preventing signal transduction. Rilonacept (in the middle) and Canakinumab (on the right) bind to circulating IL-1β. (B) Binding of IL-1β to the IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) heterodimer complex results in signal transduction. IL-1β binds to the membrane-bound IL-1RI to form a complex with the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). This complex recruits the IL-1RI-associated kinase (IRAK), leading to signal transduction and gene activation.