Table 4.
Factors influencing failure of timely vaccination and incomplete vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in Bangladesh. AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
| Variables | Failure of Timely Vaccination | Incomplete Vaccination | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCG | Pentavalent Vaccine/OPV | Measles | ||
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Sex of children | ||||
| Male (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.92 (0.69, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.84, 1.39) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) | 0.90 (0.66, 1.23) |
| Birth year | ||||
| 2012 | 1.06 (0.74, 1.50) | 1.04 (0.75, 1.43) | 1.1 (0.80, 1.53) | 1.15 (0.78, 1.69) |
| 2013 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Birth season | ||||
| Summer | 1.53 ** (1.04, 2.26) | 0.94 (0.67, 1.31) | 1.49 ** (1.05, 2.10) | 1.70 ** (1.09, 2.67) |
| Rainy | 1.27 (0.90, 1.79) | 1.06 (0.78, 1.45) | 1.13 (0.82, 1.55) | 2.14 *** (1.45, 3.17) |
| Winter (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Birth order | ||||
| 1 | 1.04 (0.71, 1.53) | 1.16 (0.83, 1.62) | 1.44 (0.97, 2.03) | 1.1 (0.72, 1.67) |
| 2–3 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4–5 | 0.99 (0.53, 1.87) | 1.68 (0.97, 2.91) | 1.20 (0.68, 2.13) | 2.10 ** (1.09, 4.02) |
| >5 | 1.87 (0.70, 5.04) | 2.10 (0.90, 4.88) | 3.11 ** (1.29, 7.54) | 1.80 (0.71, 4.58) |
| Place of birth | ||||
| Home | 1.39 (0.93, 2.07) | 2.13 ** (1.50, 3.03) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) | 1.25 (0.78, 2.01) |
| Institution (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Birth size | ||||
| Normal (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Small/poor | 1.30 (0.89, 1.91) | 1.06 (0.77, 1.47) | 0.83 (0.59, 1.16) | 1.21 (0.84, 1.75) |
| Checkup of the infant from a professional | ||||
| Yes | 1.40 (0.94, 2.09) | 1.77 *** (1.25, 2.51) | 1.33 (0.94, 1.89) | 0.93 (0.59, 1.48) |
| No (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Number of living children | ||||
| 1–2 | 0.67 (0.41, 1.08) | 1.48 ** (1.02, 2.18) | 0.92 (0.60, 1.39) | 1.48 (0.88, 2.51) |
| >2 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mother’s age (in years) | ||||
| Less than 20 | 1.48 (0.65, 3.41) | 0.76 (0.36, 1.62) | 1.15 (0.54, 2.44) | 3.21 ** (1.02, 10.13) |
| 20–34 | 1.34 (0.67, 2.70) | 0.76 (0.40, 1.45) | 1.39 (0.74, 2.62) | 3.01 ** (1.05, 8.60) |
| 35+ (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mother’s education level | ||||
| No education | 0.83 (0.41, 1.68) | 2.34 ** (1.26, 4.35) | 0.93 (0.49, 1.76) | 2.25 (0.92, 5.54) |
| Primary | 1.19 (0.65, 2.18) | 2.37 *** (1.40, 4.01) | 1.49 (0.87, 2.55) | 2.72 ** (1.20, 6.16) |
| Secondary | 1.16 (0.68, 1.98) | 2.15 *** (1.35, 3.42) | 1.20 (0.75, 1.93) | 1.58 (0.72, 3.46) |
| Higher (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mother’s employment status | ||||
| Not employed | 1.38 ** (1.02, 1.93) | 0.92 (0.68, 1.24) | 1.46 ** (1.06, 2.00) | 0.65 ** (0.46, 0.92) |
| Employed (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Aware of the community clinic | ||||
| No | 0.78 (0.57, 1.08) | 1.40 ** (1.06, 1.86) | 0.92 (0.69, 1.22) | 1.36 (1.01, 1.96) |
| Yes (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Access to electronic media | ||||
| Yes | 1.14 (0.74, 1.73) | 1.26 (0.88, 1.80) | 1.41 (0.98, 2.03) | 1.09 (0.69, 1.74) |
| No (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Source of drinking water | ||||
| Improved (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-improved | 2.73 ** (1.03, 7.21) | 0.66 (0.36, 1.21) | 1.13 (0.58, 2.23) | 1.46 (0.90, 2.37) |
| Type of toilet | ||||
| Improved (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-improved | 1.42 ** (1.01, 2.03) | 0.90 (0.66, 1.23) | 0.77 (0.56, 1.05) | 1.89 *** (1.32, 2.70) |
| Household size | ||||
| ≤5 members | 1.45 ** (1.06, 1.97) | 1.07 (0.81, 1.40) | 1.10 (0.83, 1.46) | 0.95 (0.67, 1.33) |
| >5 members (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | 0.55 (0.27, 1.10) | 1.33 (0.72, 2.43) | 1.89 ** (1.02, 3.51) | 2.20 ** (1.05, 4.61) |
| Poorer | 0.54 (0.28, 1.04) | 1.16 (0.65, 2.06) | 2.17 ** (1.21, 3.89) | 1.26 (0.61, 2.60) |
| Middle | 0.92 (0.52, 1.64) | 1.13 (0.70, 1.84) | 1.64 ** (1.01, 2.66) | 1.10 (0.57, 2.14) |
| Richer | 1.02 (0.62, 1.67) | 0.8 (0.53, 1.21) | 1.47 (0.97, 2.23) | 1.01 (0.54, 1.84) |
| Richest (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 1.18 (0.82, 1.71) | 0.95 (0.69, 1.31) | 1.14 (0.82, 1.59) | 0.75 (0.49, 1.15) |
| Divisions | ||||
| Barisal | 1.61 (0.86, 3.01) | 1.73 (0.91, 3.29) | 0.65 (0.33, 1.26) | 1.7 (0.75, 3.85) |
| Chittagong | 3.01 *** (1.85, 4.91) | 1.29 (0.81, 2.05) | 1.24 (0.77, 2.01) | 1.5 (0.77, 2.90) |
| Dhaka | 3.78 *** (2.40, 5.95) | 0.98 (0.64, 1.52) | 1.84 ** (1.17, 2.91) | 1.18 (0.63, 2.23) |
| Khulna | 4.74 *** (2.44, 9.19) | 1.83 ** (1.02, 3.27) | 0.75 (0.41, 1.39) | 1.77 (0.81, 3.88) |
| Rajshahi | 4.96 *** (2.73, 9.02) | 1.52 (0.89, 2.60) | 1.37 (0.79, 2.38) | 1.62 (0.78, 3.37) |
| Rangpur (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sylhet | 7.63 *** (3.55, 16.38) | 3.15 *** (1.6, 6.18) | 1.07 (0.56, 2.05) | 3.76 *** (1.84, 7.67) |
** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.