Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and main clinical features of Takayasu arteritis.
| Demographic Data | Ref | |
|---|---|---|
| Predominant gender: | Female (80%) | [11,22,23] |
| Age at onset (years) | 23 (0–65) | [11,22,23] |
| Ethnicity | Rare in western countries (0.4–3 per million people). More common in southeast Asia, Japan, China, India. (40 per million in Japan) |
[11,22,23,24] |
| Clinical Findings | * Frequency (%) | |
| Constitutional Manifestations | [19,25,26,27] | |
| Malaise | 29–56 | |
| Fever | 17–32 | |
| Anorexia | 15–34 | |
| Weight loss | 20–25 | |
| Cardiovascular Findings | [19,22,25,26,27,28] | |
| Hypertension | 33–56 | |
| Bruit of carotid arteries | 32–62 | |
| Claudication | 30–80 | |
| Dyspnea | 10–50 | |
| Carotidynia | 10–36 | |
| Central Nervous System | [19,25,26,27,29] | |
| Headache | 50–70 | |
| Dizziness/vertigo | 24–55 | |
| Syncope | 4–19 | |
| Visual disturbances | 15–35 | |
| Stroke | 3–22 | |
| Skin and Musculoskeletal | ||
| Myalgia | 30 | [25] |
| Arthralgia | 28–39 | [19,22,25] |
| Synovitis | 7.7 | [25] |
| Skin rash | 7.8–20 | [19,26] |
* The frequency of the clinical findings varies depending on the reference consulted and may be determined by differences in data collection, patient assessment, the geographic precedence of the study and whether the reported cases were hospitalized patients or outpatients.