Table 5.

Comparison of experimental and theoretical values from the Spiegler–Kedem equation.

Pure Water Permeability, m s−1 Pa−1	Flux at 12 bar, m s−1	Ions	σ theoretical	σ experimental	Ps,theoretical, m s−1	Ps,experimental, m s−1	R theoretical	R experimental
2.56 × 10−11	2.06 × 10−5	Cl−	0.22	0.18	1.44 × 10−5	2.11 × 10−5	0.16	0.11
		Na+	0.18	0.19	1.52 × 10−5	1.52 × 10−5	0.13	0.14
		SO42−	0.83	0.97	1.99 × 10−6	5.34 × 10−7	0.79	0.96
		Ca2+	0.37	0.41	1.82 × 10−5	1.88 × 10−5	0.23	0.24
		Mg2+	0.44	0.45	6.27 × 10−6	6.15 × 10−6	0.42	0.41
1.24 × 10−11	8.90 × 10−6	Cl−	0.35	0.36	1.23 × 10−6	4.24 × 10−6	0.35	0.29
		Na+	0.26	0.25	7.28 × 10−6	7.31 × 10−6	0.17	0.16
		SO42−	0.99	0.99	2.18 × 10−7	4.86 × 10−7	0.97	1.00
		Ca2+	0.76	0.82	4.99 × 10−6	1.47 × 10−6	0.53	0.75
		Mg2+	0.89	0.92	7.44 × 10−7	3.28 × 10−7	0.85	0.96