Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Membrane performance for FO operation of the (a) PVDF TFC membrane; (b) PVDF-LbL TFC membrane; and (c) commercial CTA membrane at FO (AL-FS, i.e., active layer facing the feed solution) and PRO (AL-DS, i.e., active layer facing the draw solution) modes with 0.5 M NaCl and DI water as the draw and feed solutions, respectively.
