Table 2.
Zoometric and metabolic evaluation after 1 month of metformin treatment.
| Measurements | Control | Metformin | Cadmium | Cd + Metformin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 10 | n = 10 | n = 10 | n = 10 | |
| Morphometric panel: | ||||
| Weight (g) | 401.6 ± 7.9 | 380.2 ±15.3 | 470 ± 6.3 * | 418 ± 10 ▼ |
| Abdominal perimeter (cm) | 20.8 ± 0.1 | 19.4 ± 0.6 | 24.2 ± 0.7 * | 21.1 ± 0.4 ▼ |
| Body mass index | 1.1 ± 0.04 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 1.4 ± 0.01 * | 1.1 ± 0.03 ▼ |
| % Body fat | 37.8 ± 0.3 | 35.7 ± 1.6 | 42.1 ± 0.1 * | 40.0 ± 0.3 *▼ |
| Lipid panel (mg/dL): | ||||
| Total lipids | 187.2 ± 9.6 | 180.1 ± 3.3 | 253.6 ± 4.5 * | 232 ± 6.1 *▼ |
| FFA | 2.85 ± 0.2 | 3.01 ± 0.2 | 6.49 ± 0.1 * | 5.1 ± 0.1 *▼ |
| Triglycerides | 56 ± 6 | 51 ± 2 | 112.3 ± 4.5 * | 93.1 ± 3.5 *▼ |
| Total Cholesterol | 111.9 ± 5.6 | 107.9 ± 4.9 | 108.1 ± 6.7 | 84.9 ± 5.7 * ▼ |
| Cholesterol fraction | ||||
| VLDL | 16 ± 1.6 | 18 ± 0.9 | 21.2 ± 0.9 * | 18.2 ± 1 *▼ |
| LDL | 36 ± 3.5 | 40 ± 6.1 | 54.8 ± 1.7 * | 26 ± 2.1 *▼ |
| HDL | 59.9 ± 2.6 | 49.9 ± 7.2 | 32.1 ± 2.5 * | 40.7 ± 3.1 *▲ |
| Carbohydrate panel: | ||||
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 7.5 ± 0.2 | 8.55 ± 0.3 * | 8.2 ± 0.1 ▼ |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 80.0 ± 6.3 | 76.0 ± 4.8 | 135 ± 4.1 * | 79.7 ± 4.3 ▼ |
| Glucose 30 min (mg/dL) | 107.1 ± 3.8 | 97.7 ± 5.2 | 238 ± 6.7 * | 154.4 ± 5.4 *▼ |
| Glucose 60 min (mg/dL) | 90.6 ± 4.3 | 88.4 ± 7.1 | 250 ± 9.4 * | 160.4 ± 3.8 *▼ |
| Glucose 90 min (mg/dL) | 81.2 ± 5.0 | 73.9 ± 9.4 | 235 ± 8.8 * | 142.2 ± 6.1 *▼ |
| Insulin resistance panel: | ||||
| Insulin (µUI/mL) | 10 ± 3.4 | 9.8 ± 4.8 | 19 ± 2.4 * | 27 ± 4.9 * |
| HOMA-IR | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 1.42 ± 0.19 * | 0.88 ± 0.21 *▼ |
| IDA-IR | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.54 ± 0.12 * | 0.35 ± 0.11 * |
| HIS | 22.5 ± 5.19 | 20.1 ± 3.3 | 7.01 ± 3.8 * | 8.3 ± 2.2 * |
The results shown are the average of 10 separate experimental animals ± SEM. (*) Indicates significant differences from the control group p ≤ 0.05. (▼) Indicate significant decreases with respect to the cadmium group. (▲) indicates significant increases with respect to the cadmium group p ≤ 0.05 using a one-way ANOVA test with a Bonferroni post hoc test.