Table 5.
Pre-hospital first aid measures among victims and methods used to identify offending agents.
| Variable | Frequency (n = 385) |
|---|---|
| First aid measure | |
| Tying a tourniquet | 10 (2.6%) |
| Use of herbal medicine | 10 (2.6%) |
| Use of milk | 7 (1.8%) |
| Use of raw eggs | 7 (1.8%) |
| Use of both raw eggs and milk | 4 (1.0%) |
| Incisions | 2 (0.5%) |
| Torniquet, incisions, and herbal medicine | 2 (0.5%) |
| Incisions and herbal medicine | 2 (0.5%) |
| None | 323 (84%) |
| Others a | 18 (4.7%) |
| Mode of identifying offending agents | |
| Container | 104 (27.0%) |
| The color of the offending animal | 83 (21.6%) |
| Odor only | 14 (3.6%) |
| Container and odor | 8 (2.1%) |
| History from informant | 11 (2.9%) |
| Identification of the food source | 12 (3.1%) |
| Fang marks | 12 (3.1%) |
| None | 134 (34.8%) |
| Others b | 7 (1.8%) |
a Includes tying a tourniquet and limb elevation; tying a tourniquet and impregnating a cloth with charcoal; tying a tourniquet and making incisions; use of porridge; cleaning the wound; use of herbal medicine and washing with water; rinsing the mouth; applying Vaseline. b Includes a description of the animal; dead animal brought to the hospital; fang marks; pruritus; and the hissing sound of a snake.