| AUXs | auxins |
| Cas9 | CRISPR associated protein 9 |
| CDF | cation diffusion facilitator |
| CKs | cytokinins |
| Cpf1 | CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1 |
| CRISPR | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
| dCas9 | catalytically inactive Cas9 |
| GAs | gibberellins |
| gRNA | guide ribonucleic acid |
| HMA | heavy metal transporting ATPases |
| LMWOA | low molecular weight organic acids |
| MATE | multidrug and toxin efflux |
| MTs | metallothioenins |
| PCs | phytochelatins |
| PGPR | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria |
| TALENs | transcription activator-like effector nucleases |
| YSL | yellow strip1-like |
| ZFNs | zinc finger nucleases |
| ZIP | zinc-regulated transporter iron-regulated transporter proteins. |